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Nutrition

Nutrition. ANSC 2. Warm Up. Food Labels: Grab a bag of Animal Food from the lab. Please remember where you got this from! Answer the following: Who is your food made for? How do you know? What are the top 5 ingredients? What is the nutritional values in %s?

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition ANSC 2

  2. Warm Up • Food Labels: Grab a bag of Animal Food from the lab. Please remember where you got this from! • Answer the following: • Who is your food made for? How do you know? • What are the top 5 ingredients? • What is the nutritional values in %s? • Write/Copy the description of your food. • What are the feeding directions? Amount per day? • Are there any warnings? If so what are they? • What audience is your product being advertised to and how do you know? • Give a visual/smell/touch description of your food.

  3. Objectives • Students will be able to: • Identify the purpose behind nutrition • Label Nutrition’s main aspects • Summarize the main nutrient requirements for small large animals • Analyze Feed labels for animals • Balance a feed ration

  4. Unit Essential Question Why is nutrition important to animal ownership and production?

  5. Essential Question • What is Nutrition?

  6. Review • Nutrition is: • The science or study that deals with food and nourishment • Food • Required for an organism to live and is used for growth

  7. Nutrition Activity • Each type of candy/ cereal represents an important part of nutrition. Each table will have a problem and will need to provide the appropriate type of ration for your group’s scenario .

  8. Build your Own Feed Ration • Table 1: Build a ration with 2x more fat than carbs • Table 2: Build a ration with equal parts vitamins and minerals • Table 3: Build a ration with 4x more carbs than protein • Protein= Cheez Balls, Carbs= Pop corn, Vitamins and Minerals= Fruitloops , M & M= Fat , Water= Pretzels

  9. What are Nutrients? • Provides nourishment for growth or metabolism • Examples Include: • Carbohydrates • Fat • Protein • Water • Vitamins • Minerals

  10. Carbohydrates • Mainly sugar and starches • Simple • Monosaccharide • Complex • Normally derived from plants • Energy comes from carbohydrates, fats, and some proteins in feed. • Most concentrates have higher energy than do roughages. • Energy is stated as total digestible nutrients (TDN).

  11. Energy Expanded • Energy is measured in calories. • A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree C. • Calories in feed or as requirements are stated as kilocalorie (kcal) or megacalorie (Mcal). • A kcal is 1000 calories. • An Mcal is 1000000 calories.

  12. Fat • Forms that fat comes in: • Soluble • Insoluble • Solid • Liquid • Added to feeds to increase palatability • Also added to reduce dust • Molasses

  13. Protein • Protein is stated as crude protein on a feed label and is given as percentage or grams on the feed label. • Protein needs are higher for young, lactating, and pregnant animals. • The needs of an animal must be matched with its diet, • Required for structure, function, and regulation of body cells, tissues, and organs. • Essential components of muscle, skin, and bones

  14. Water Important in many life functions • Do you know any examples? MOST IMPORTANT NUTRIENT!!! What might prevent an animal from getting its daily water intake? What can we do to help fix this problem?

  15. Vitamins Organic components in food that are needed in small amounts for growth A-Plays roles in; vision, gene transcription, immune function, embryonic development and reproduction, bone metabolism, skin and hair health: Found in dark green vegetables E- Protects blood cells from free-radicals which break down cell structure, Protects destruction of A and C: Found in soybean, corn and cottonseed D-Promotes absorption of calcium: can be synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight K- Needed for proper blood clotting and protein synthesis occurring in plasma, bone and kidneys.

  16. Minerals Classified as Macro or Micro reflect the amount in the diet not physical size Sometimes difficult to digest How do we fix this problem? CHELATE Chelate: formation of bonds between atoms Inorganic nutrients: include sodium, magnesium, and calcium

  17. MACRO-Minerals Calcium and Phosphorus: • work hand in hand, present in ratios Calcium works in muscle function Phosphorus works in metabolic functions Phosphorus can be deficient in legumes in certain areas, or too high in others ( Delaware has an abundance, Australia has a deficiency) Sodium and Chloride: help maintain water balance in body Potassium: organ function, cellular water balance

  18. What does a Cow Require?

  19. Vocabulary! • Nutrition • Nutrient • Water • Carbohydrate • Mineral • Vitamin • Protein • Fat

  20. ANSC 2 Activity • Consider small and large animal nutrition. Research a required nutrient for a small or large animal. Explain how the nutrient requirement is met through diet. What would be the implications if this nutrient was not present in the diet? • Example: Cats require taurine in their diet. Taurine is supplied in Cat food. Without taurine cats suffer from Central Retinal Degeneration

  21. ANSC 2 Activities Continued.. • Summarize a Nutrition Article • Who wrote it? How was the research conducted? What were the results? Why was this researched? What are the implications of the research? • Bag of Feed Summary • List the first 15 ingredients on a bag of animal feed. Put each ingredient in a category of nutrients discussed in class.

  22. Review from Feed Bag Activity • Complete the following chart: (Remember ingredients are listed from MOST present to least present) • EXAMPLE

  23. BIG IDEA SUMMARY • After gathering all your information and after viewing the small animal management, nutrition, and care answer the following in a one page double spaced summary essay • How do we build a perfect diet for small animals utilizing information about their natural diet, physiology and dentition (teeth)? What influence can this have on overall animal health ? (proper diet)

  24. Digestion ANSC 2

  25. Essential Question • What are the different types of digestion systems , and give example on how they differ

  26. Objectives • Define Ruminant. Monogastric, Modified Monogastric • Explore Monogastric and Ruminant digestive systems • Explain the four chambers of the Ruminant stomach and their purpose.

  27. Digestion • The process by which large, complex nutrient molecules are broken down into simpler molecules capable of being used by an organism for food • Types of Digestive Systems • Mono Gastric • Modified Mono Gastric • Ruminant • Poultry

  28. Monogastric • Carnivores and omnivores have a “simple stomach” • System only has one compartment • Examples of mono gastric systems: swine, rabbits, humans

  29. Monogastric break down • Small Intestine • Its Job: enzymatic digestion and absorption • Digests proteins, carbohydrates, and fats • Small intestine has 3 parts • Duodenum- most digestion occurs here • Jejunum- digestion and absorption • Ileum- mostly absorption Bile is secreted from the liver and helps breakdown fats

  30. Monogastric Breakdown • Cecum- nonfunctioning in many monogastrics. Rabbits and horses have an enlarged cecum • Why do you think this is true? ( think about what rabbits and horses eat) • Large intestine • Bacterial activity • Water absorption • Waste storage

  31. Rabbits- Modified Monogastric • Coprophagy - eating of cecotropes resulting in food having a double pass through the digestion system. Without the double pass many of the nutrients in feed would be lost to the animal.

  32. Horses

  33. Ruminant • Name some Ruminants • What are differences between the ruminants and nonruminants?

  34. Ruminant • 4 Chambered Stomach • Reticulum • Rumen • Omasum • Abomasum

  35. The Process of Digestion • Step 1. Get the food!! • This process is called retrieving, or grazing. • How do ruminants get their food?

  36. Step 2. Chew and Swallow • The process of chewing is called mastication. • What directions do you chew? • What direction does a cow chew? • Why do you think this

  37. Step 3. Rumen • Largest of 4 compartments • Its Job :FERMENTATION • Continuous mixing and moving • Anaerobic environment/Diverse bacterial pop. • Breaks down fibrous feed in volatile fatty acids • Papillae lining • Nonfunctional at birth , shunted off

  38. Calf Stomach Engineering

  39. Step 4. Reticulum • Feed boluses come from here • Honeycomb appearance • Its Job : REGURGITATION • Regurgitation from rumen to mouth • Expulsion to omasum • Fermentation gases

  40. Step 5. Rumination • Regurgitation of ingesta from the reticulum, followed by remastication and reswallowing. • What’s the purpose rechewing and reswallowing? • INCREASE SURFACE AREA!!!! • Helping out the microbes

  41. Step 6. Omasum • Many folds • Its Job: REDUCE • Reduces particle size • Absorb some water, minerals Why would you reduce particle size?

  42. Step 7. Abomasum • “True Stomach” • Glandular , meaning it secretes • Does your stomach excrete anything? Why ? • Its Job: DIGESTION • Begin digestion here • Feed leaves abomasum and enters the small intestine where further digestion takes place • Feed leaving abomasum is high in water content • Why do you think this happens?

  43. Ruminant Project • Title your poster • Diagram your digestive stomach • Tell us: • What does it do? • Why is it important? • What is happening? • Don’t forget your names!

  44. Avian Digestion • Crop- Food storage • Proventriculous – glandular part of the stomach that stores and starts to digest food before it enters the gizzard • Gizzard- grinds and processes food. VERY MUSCULAR

  45. Activity: Digestion Role Play! • Each Student will receive a section of the digestion system • Students will read the description of their section of the digestion tract. • PUT IT IN ORDER!!! • Monogastric, Ruminant, and Avian digestion pieces are included!

  46. Vocabulary • Ruminant, Monogastric, Modified Monogastric, Corprophagy, mastication, rumination, gizzard, crop, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum

  47. Digestion Review Test!!! You may use your notes. NOT YOUR NEIGHBOR CHEATING = 0

  48. Library Project Today! No EQ • On you own: • Based on what we learned today about nutrition and food movement through the digestive system Pick an animal ( other then a cow) and complete the following on your own sheet of paper: • Name the Animal • Why type of stomach does it have? • Give a step by step breakdown from beginning to end, following food movement within the animal’s digestive system . Be sure to include what is happening to the food at each section of digestion

  49. Reading and Analyzing a Feed Label ANSC 2

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