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Done By:- FATIMAH MARYAM HAJER NOJOOD. Introduction.
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Introduction • Autism is a series problem that appears in these recent years attacking children and their ability to be normal as other children. It may appear from the birth or in an adulthood affecting fundamental human behavior in many different areas such as social interaction, imagination, the ability to communicate ideas and feelings, and the establishment of relationships with others. It generally has life-long effects on how child learns to be social beings, to take care of himself, and to participate in the community.
Starting from this point, we are going to explain the • what is autism? • The main Causes of autism. • Signs and symptoms of autism. • How to diagnose autism? • How to deal with an autistic child? • we have suggested some ways helping them to learn as other normal children along with strategies that could be helpful in the treatment of this problematic disease.
What is Autism? • It is one of autism spectrum disorder. • It is a developmental disability that is resulted by a neurological disorder affecting the normal performance of the brain. It is characterized by a delay in the development of communication skills and social skills with non-verbal communication. • Also, it is found that boys are four times more likely to have autism than are girls.
The main Causes of Autism are :- • Genetics factor • Genes particularly inherited genetic glitches and spontaneous DNA mutations play a primary role in the development of autism. But no single gene is to blame. • The father's age is important to avoid autism in his children. • Some chromosomal abnormalities and mutations in the majority of cases appear to cause autism themselves. • The interaction of multiple genes leads to a vulnerability to autism without directly causing it.
Environmental causes of autism: • The chemicals or other damaging external elements may trigger autism, either by exacerbating a genetic vulnerability or independently troubling brain development. • Environmental factors that occur before vaccination, and sometimes even before birth. • Oxygen decrease during delivery or fetal development can up the risk of autism. • Some environment factors include air pollution, food additives, mercury in fish, flame retardants, and certain chemicals used to make plastics and other synthetic materials.
Signs and symptoms:- • the main characteristics of autism • Impairments in social interaction • Impairments in communication • Restricted interests and repetitive behavior .
problems with communication • lack of learning how to talk with others • inability to communicate successfully with people • difficulty in developing language skills and understanding what is said to them • problems in starting a conversation • difficulty in understanding their listener's perspective. • lack the ability to understand multiple meanings of words, idioms, and sarcasms . • impaired verbal and nonverbal communication such as Poor eye gaze or avoidance of eye contact
Problems with social interaction • inability to learn by social modeling . • uninterested in building relationships with their peers • fail in establishing friendship with others . • lack of empathy in understanding other's feelings such as happiness or sorrow • Physically attack and injure others without provocation
Restrictive interests and repetitive behavior • narrow interests and exceptional abilities • repeating non sense words , words with no meaning , over and over (echolalia) • An unusual focus on pieces • A need for sameness and routines.
How to diagnose Autism? • There is no specific diagnostic test for ASD • It is very important to get an early diagnosis for Autism • the diagnosis of autism is the most reliable and stable than the diagnosis of other autism spectrum disorders • for children autism is commonly diagnosed between 3 and 4 years old but experts said that it can be diagnosed as early as twelve months old . • some autistic adults are not diagnosed with autism when they were children because of their mild symptoms of autism that may only appear in an older age .
How to diagnose Autism? Cont. diagnosis requires the presence of 6 or more of 12 symptoms, with at least two being symptoms of impaired social interactions, at least one being a symptom of impaired communication, and at least one being a symptom of restricted repertoire of activities and interests.
How to deal with an autistic child? • Learn about autism. You need to know more in order to help yourself and your child. • Be ready to interact with your child. Learn what is likely to trigger tantrums for your child, so you try to minimize them. • Learn from professionals and other parents. However, you need to remember that every child has its own ways of responding to the environment.
How to deal with an autistic child? • Work with professionals or teachers in the school. It is very important to cooperate with the teacher or the doctor to know your child’s needs and abilities. • Be patient,motivated and stay optimistic. When you have positive ideas about the improvement and the progress that your child will achieve, this will help you and your child to overcome the difficulties and the obstacles.
How to teach an autistic child? • Children have three basic learning styles: • Visual learners learn better through visual methods like pictures, images. • Auditory learners learn best through listening, for example to tapes, recordings and to explanation given verbally. • Kinesthetic learners learn best through movement or practice.
These are some helpful tips on teaching autistic children: • You need to determine which learning style best suits the autistic child. • You have to avoid too much explaining and long verbal instructions. Stay focused, break tasks and instructions into clearly defined steps. • You must have consistent routines and schedules because the slightest disruption or changes in schedule can cause regression or tantrums.
Finding out what are the child’s strengths and interests is a very important step. This way helps to connect with the child, motivate school work, improve academic skills, and increase attention. • The environmental distractions may interfere with the learning of autistic children such as bright lights and loud sounds. • To improve social skills you have to use modeling because they have difficulties in processing social cues.
The most important thing is that you should reward the child for each small success, give motivation to learn, give positive feedback and create opportunities for success.
How to manage autism? For the best treatment, Autism management should begin early in life. There is no specific treatment for autism or even to subdue its symptoms, but there are many treatment options that can be used, these include; • 1) Special education. • 2) Medication. • 3) Special diets. • 4) Specialized therapies.
Some important facts about autism • 21% of children with an ASD have been excluded from school at least once • Adults with autism say that finding a suitable job would improve their lives more than anything else • People with autism often want to make friends but due to their disability find it difficult
And Finally the earlier treatment starts the better the results For your listening
