Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid

1. Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid Presented by ZhongmingZheng

2. Outline • Introduction • System Model • OREM • iHEM Application • Performance evaluation

3. Introduction • Smart grid • Modern electric power-grid infrastructure • For improving efficiency, reliability and safety • With integration of renewable and alternative energy sources • Through automated control and modern communication technologies

4. Introduction • The key factor • Online power system condition monitoring, diagnostic, and protection • Reliable and online information • Avoid power disturbances and outages due to equipment failures, capacity limitations, natural accidents and catastrophes

5. Introduction • Possible Solutions • Traditional wired monitoring systems • Expensive communication cable installations • Expensive regularly maintenance • Not widely implemented today due to high cost

6. Introduction • Possible Solutions • Wireless sensor networks • Rapid deployment • Low cost • Flexibility • Aggregated intelligence via parallel processing

7. Introduction • Existing and potential applications of WSNs on smart grid • Wireless automatic meter reading • Remote system monitoring and equipment fault diagnostic

8. Introduction • Wireless automatic meter reading • Reduce electric utility operational costs (No need for human readers) • Online pricing based on online energy consumption of the customers • Asset protection through advanced remote monitoring • WSNs provide low-cost and low-power solution

9. Introduction • Remote system monitoring and equipment fault diagnostic • Avoid or largely alleviated power-grid and facility breakdowns • Existing remote sensing, monitoring and fault diagnostic solutions are too expensive • WSNs provide cost-effective sensing and communication solution in a remote and online manner

10. Introduction • Challenges to apply WSNs in smart grid • Harsh environmental conditions • Reliability and latency requirements • Packet errors and variable link capacity • Resource constraints

11. Overview • Previous work • Propose an in-home energy management application • Employ a wireless sensor home area network • Exploit communications among the appliances and an energy management unit • This work • Develop the optimization-based residential energy management scheme • Aim to minimize the energy expenses of the consumers • Schedule appliances to less expensive hours according to the time of use tariff

12. Outline • Introduction • System Model • OREM • iHEM Application • Performance evaluation

13. System Model • System Configuration • Home area network • Utilize Zigbee protocol • Divide one day into equal-length timeslots • Various timeslots may have different price

14. Outline • Introduction • System Model • OREM • iHEM Application • Performance evaluation

15. Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM) • The consumer requests are given in advance • Objective function • Minimize the total energy expenses

16. Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM) • Constraints • the total duration of the cycles of the scheduled appliances does not exceed the length of the timeslot that is assigned for them

17. Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM) • Constraints • A cycle may start at the end of one timeslot and it will naturally continue in the consecutive timeslot. • An appliance cycle is fully accommodated without experiencing any interruptions

18. Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM) • Constraints • Bound the maximum delay to two timeslots to reduce consumer discomfort and to avoid bursts of request

19. Outline • Introduction • System Model • OREM • iHEM Application • Performance evaluation

20. In-Home Energy Management(iHEM) • Consumer demands are processed in real time • Objective • Decrease the cost of energy usage at home • Minimize the comfort degradation for the consumers

21. In-Home Energy Management(iHEM) • Scenario

22. In-Home Energy Management(iHEM) • Notations • RFD: reduced function device. • FFD: full function device • PAN(Grey node): personal area network coordinator

23. In-Home Energy Management(iHEM) Check price & Scheduling

24. In-Home Energy Management(iHEM) • START-REQ (a) • Request to start • AVAIL-REQ (b) • Request for the availability of energy • UPDATE-AVAIL (c) • Update the amount of available energy on the unit

25. In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)

26. In-Home Energy Management(iHEM) • Personal area network coordinator • Beacon-enabled mode • Define the duty cycle with the superframe duration of the superframe structure • Synchronize the nodes in the network • Nodes only communicate in the active period • In Contention Access Period, transmit data by CSMA/CA

27. Outline • Introduction • System Model • OREM • iHEM Application • Performance evaluation • Conclusion

28. Simulation Results

29. Simulation Results

30. Q & A