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Dr. Armi Susandi, MT. Head of Meteorology Department, ITB

POTENTIAL AREA FOR SOLAR ENERGY GENERATOR AND ITS BENEFIT TO CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) IN INDONESIA. Dr. Armi Susandi, MT. Head of Meteorology Department, ITB. OUTLINE. Introduction: Global Climate & Indonesia Projection of Temperature Change in Indonesia

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Dr. Armi Susandi, MT. Head of Meteorology Department, ITB

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  1. POTENTIAL AREA FOR SOLAR ENERGY GENERATOR AND ITS BENEFIT TO CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) IN INDONESIA Dr. Armi Susandi, MT. Head of Meteorology Department, ITB

  2. OUTLINE • Introduction: Global Climate & Indonesia • Projection of Temperature Change in Indonesia • Projection of Global CO2 Emission • Projection of CO2 Emission in Indonesia • Map of Potential Area for Renewable Energy in Indonesia • Projection of Solar Energy Development in Indonesia • East Java for Potential Area of Solar Energy • Projection of CDM value from Solar Energy Development

  3. Global Climate • Human activities have affect global climate change. • Climate change increases mean temperature in eart surface caused of greenhouse gas, including: CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCS, PFCS, dan SF6. • Greenhouse gas are usually result of fossil energy, forest fire, and agricultural activities.

  4. Indonesia • This country is the forth biggest population, with amount of people about 215 million (2003), tropical and maritim area. • Indonesia has reserve of coal, natural gas, and oil that is very significant. • As main contibutor for greenhouse emission from energy sector. • Indonesia has ratified Kyoto Protocol, 19th October 2004.

  5. PROJECTION OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE IN INDONESIA

  6. Year = 2000 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  7. Year = 2010 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  8. Year = 2020 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  9. Year = 2040 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  10. Year = 2050 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  11. Year = 2060 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  12. Year = 2070 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  13. Year = 2080 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  14. Year = 2090 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  15. Year = 2100 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  16. Year = 2100 oC Source: Susandi, 2006

  17. Forest Fire Change of Mean Temperature Year = 2100 oC Landslide Storm El-Nino & La-Nina Source: Susandi, 2006

  18. CO2 Emission as Result of Fossil Energy and Landuse Change (Source : Brasseur et al., 1999)

  19. PROJECTION OF GLOBAL CO2 EMISSION CO2 Emission (Gt/year) Year Source: Susandi, 2007

  20. PROJECTION OF GLOBAL CO2 EMISSION IN INDONESIA Base CO2 Emission (Gt/year) Year Source: Susandi, 2007

  21. PROJECTION OF GLOBAL CO2 EMISSION IN INDONESIA Base CO2 Emission (Gt/year) Year Source: Susandi, 2007

  22. PROJECTION OF GLOBAL CO2 EMISSION IN INDONESIA Base CO2 Emission (Gt/year) Mitigation Year Source: Susandi, 2007

  23. SOLAR ENERGY

  24. Potency of Solar Energy in Indonesia Intensity of Solar Radiation in Indonesia reach to 4.8 kWh/m2/day Energy Planted = 8 MW

  25. W/m2 Flux of Mean Solar Radiation in 1976 to 2005 (W/m2) Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  26. = Wind Energy = Solar Energy = Biofull Energy = Geothermal Energy = Coal Energy Map of Potential Area for Renewable Energy in Indonesia Source: Susandi, 2008

  27. Year Projection of Solar Energy Development in Indonesia Source: Susandi, 2008

  28. SMARTS MODEL FOR ESTIMATING SOLAR RADIATION Climate Parameters Model SMARTS Solar Radiation in Wavelength Spectrum Integration of Solar Radiation Spatial Map of Solar Radiation

  29. Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 January W/m2 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  30. Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 February W/m2 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  31. March W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  32. April W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  33. May W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  34. June W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  35. July W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  36. August W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  37. September W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  38. October W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  39. November W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  40. December W/m2 Spatial Map of Monthly Solar Radiation in Year 1988 to 2002 Source: Susandi et al., 2008

  41. MERGE: an Integrated Assessment Model (Model for Evaluating the Regional and Global Effects of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Policies) (Manne et al., Susandi, 2004) http://www.stanford.edu/group/MERGE/

  42. Region di MERGE 4.3 Negara Annex I Indonesia 10.

  43. CO2 Reduction from Fossil Substituted by Solar Energy Source: Susandi, 2008

  44. Projection of CO2 Price Source: Susandi, 2008

  45. Incoming from CO2 Substitution by Solar Energy Source: Susandi, 2008

  46. armi@geoph.itb.ac.id www.armisusandi.com thank you

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