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Opportunities for Development and Challenges in hot arid and semi-arid areas ………..and the impacts

2. Opportunities for Development and Challenges in hot arid and semi-arid areas ………..and the impacts. Some general ideas See pupil’s book pages 155 - 157. Agriculture. Traditional Varies from region to region. Australia. Aborigines Hunter- gatherers. Middle- East and North -Africa.

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Opportunities for Development and Challenges in hot arid and semi-arid areas ………..and the impacts

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  1. 2 Opportunities for Development and Challenges in hot arid and semi-arid areas ………..and the impacts Some general ideas See pupil’s book pages 155 - 157

  2. Agriculture • Traditional • Varies from region to region

  3. Australia • Aborigines • Hunter- gatherers

  4. Middle- East and North -Africa • Nomadism – • Herding of goats, camels, sheep and cattle looking for scarce water and good grazing

  5. Tuareg of North Africa

  6. Irrigated agriculture • Oases such as Douz in Tunisia • Dates from the multi-purpose date palm • and olives, figs and oranges= in their shade

  7. On banks of exogenous rivers such as the Nile • Barley, wheat, beans, rice, cotton,etc grown in irrigated areas

  8. Recent changes – • Construction of Dams E.g. Aswan in Egypt • Has provided all year round water supply, formerly seasonal with Nile floods • Hydroponics – practised in oil rich countries • Desalination plants have provided water for agriculture in countries such as Kuwait

  9. Challenges to agriculture • Cultivation of marginal land in Sahel has caused desertification

  10. Desertification • A combination of factors have been responsible • Human factors (due to population increase) • over-grazing • Ploughing up unsuitable lands • Deforestation for firewood • Lack of a fallow period • Climatic factors • Drought

  11. Salinisation • Where high temperatures cause saline waters to be drawn to the surface • Salt is left behind as water evaporates • Salt crust stops root penetration and stops infiltration • Many crops will not grow • This can be because of irrigation not properly controlled

  12. Also caused by…. • Salinisation can also be caused when an aquifer is over-pumped in coastal areas and salt water then pollutes it.

  13. Further Research • Read and make notes on TWO examples of Agriculture in Arid regions • E.g. Page 160 Agriculture in the Thar desert • Geofile 446 Drought and desertification in India and Pakistan • Water management in Tunisia- geog review sept 2001 • Draa Valley in Morocco, page Raw

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