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Present Sociolinguistic Survey Of Nepalese Languages

Present Sociolinguistic Survey Of Nepalese Languages. Bhim Lal Gautam Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University gautambhim@rocketmail.com. Outline. Introduction Linguistic Survey of Nepal ( LinSuN ) Sociolinguistic Survey of Nepalese Languages Methodology used in SLS

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Present Sociolinguistic Survey Of Nepalese Languages

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  1. Present Sociolinguistic SurveyOfNepalese Languages BhimLalGautam Central Department of Linguistics Tribhuvan University gautambhim@rocketmail.com

  2. Outline • Introduction • Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN) • Sociolinguistic Survey of Nepalese Languages • Methodology used in SLS • Progress Report of SLS • Challenges and Difficulties

  3. Introduction • Nepal’s Linguistic Diversity - Natural and Geographical Diversity - 123 plus languages - 4 different sign languages - 125 plus ethnic groups and cultures - 4 different language families - 1 language isolate : Kusunda

  4. Linguistic Surveys of Nepal - 1828-88 Hodgson – Royal Asiatic Society - 1898-1927 Grierson’s LSI - 1965-68 BalKrishnaPokharel - 1981-84 German Research Council • 1988 Boyd Mikhailovsky • 1996 The Central Dept. of Linguistics - 2002 Toba et al.

  5. Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN)2008 GoN/NPC • Objectives • Developing a sociolinguistic profile of all the languages of Nepal • Producing a basic description of at least 10 languages • Developing and maintaining a complete database of the languages of Nepal • Developing a description of the use of mother tongues in education (formal and non-formal)

  6. LinSuN Support • Management • Steering committee, NPC, GoN Evaluation and Supervision • LISMAC (Linguistic Survey Management Committee) Policy making and monitoring • Administration Central Department of Linguistics, TU

  7. LinSuN • Technical Support • Training and workshops(Nepal & Abroad) • Infield and summer schools Infield (2008),3L Summer School( 2012) • Financial Support • National Planning Commission, GoN • Ministry of Education and Culture • University Grants Commission • SIL, Nepal and other Institutions

  8. Sociolinguistic Survey of Nepalese Languages (SLS) • Methodology • Sociolinguistic Questionnaire • Recorded Text Tests (RTT) • Sentence Repetition Test (SRT) • Lexical Similarity (210 word list) • Participatory Method (PM)

  9. SLS Methodology • Sociolinguistic Questionnaires • Sociolinguistic Questionnaire( A) -Real speakers • Sociolinguistic Questionnaire (B) -Participatory Method • Sociolinguistic Questionnaire (C ) - Language Activists & Local leaders

  10. SLS Methodology • Recorded Text Tests (RTT) -Level of intelligibility among language groups • A better way to compare different dialects • Sentence Repetition Test (SRT) -Attitudes of MT speakers -Levels of competence in the National language -Multilingualism

  11. Participatory Method (PM) • Biographical information • Opinions about the language • Bilingualism/Multilingualism • Use and attitude towards the language • Resource for literacy and education

  12. Participatory Method (PM)

  13. SLS Progress Activities • Pilot Survey (2008) • Jhapa District of Nepal • Objective: Testing of questionnaires • Surveyed Languages (13) Indo-Aryan (7): Malpande, Karuwa, Sadri (Kissan), Danuwar, Marwari, Nepali, Maithili, Urdu, Hindi Tibeto-Burman (2):Bantawa, Meche Dravidian (1):Uraun Austro Asiatic(1): Khadiya

  14. SLS Progress Activities • Field Visit (Survey) and Data Collection • 2009 ( 5 Languages) Tibeto-Burman(3): Chepang, Newar, Yakhha Indo Aryan(2): Maithili, Nepali • 2010 (6 languages) Tibeto-Burman (4): Nepali, Maithili Indo-Aryan (2): Bhujel, DolakhaNewar, Lepcha

  15. SLS Progress Activities • 2011 (6 languages) Tibeto-Burman (4): Chulung, DhutMagar, Jirel, Kaike Indo-Aryan (1): Bote Austro-Asiatic (1): Santhali • 2012 A (13 languages) Indo-Aryan (10): Achhami,Awadhi, Bajhangi, Bajureli, Baitadeli , DangoraTharu,Doteli,RanaTharu, Sonah, Khonah Tibeto-Burman (3): Byansi,Raji,Raute

  16. SLS Progress Activities • 2012 B (7 languages) Indo-Aryan (4): Awadhi,Bhojpuri, Kumal,Tharu Tibeto-Burman (3): Chantyal, Gurung, Kham, • 2013 (15 languages) Indo-Aryan (7): Angika,Gangai,Kissan, Malpande, Majhi,Rajbansi,Tajpuriya Tibeto-Burman (6): Dumi, Dhimal,Koyee, Koche,Meche,Tilung Austro Asiatic (2): Khadiya,Uranw • 2014 ( 8 languages) Tibeto-Burman (6): Khaling,Nachhiring,Kulung,SampangThulung, Wambule, Indo-Aryan (2): Bajjika, Kathariya

  17. SLS Report Writing • Completed Report( 22 languages) Tibeto-Burman (11): Bhujel,Byansi, Chepang,Chhantyal, Jirel, Magar Kham, MagarDhut, Meche, Newar,Raji,Raute Indo-Aryan (9):Achhami, Awadhi, Bajhangi & Bajureli, Baitadeli & Darchureli, DangoraTharu, Dotyali,Kumal ,RanaTharu, Rajbansi & Tajpuriya Austro-Asiatic (1): Santhali Dravidian (1): Urawn

  18. SLS Report Writing • Report in progress(13 languages) -Tibeto-Burman(7): Chulung,Dumi, Dhimal,Gurung,Kaike,Koche/Gangai, Koyee, -Indo-Aryan(5): Bhojpuri,Bote, Majhi, Nepali, Maithili, -Austro-Asiatic(1):Khadiya

  19. Summary of SLS • 58 Languages Surveyed • 22 Language report completed • 13 Language report on progress

  20. Challenges & Difficulties • Financial Difficulties • Government Role • Other Agencies • Lack of education & motivation • Difficult geographical conditions • Migration • Lack of effective tools for creating data base • Conflicts among the linguistic community • Political instability

  21. Acknowledgements • The Central Department of Linguistics, TU • LinSuN Management Committee • DrAnettaKopecka

  22. References राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग, नेपाल सरकार(२०६५): नेपालको भाषिक सर्वेक्षण: प्रस्ताव, भाषाविज्ञानकेन्द्रीय विभाग, त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय। Central Bureau of Statistics. 2001. Population Census, Kathmandu: National Planning Commission. Central Bureau of Statistics. 2012. National Population and Housing Census 2011: NationalReport. Kathmandu: National Planning Commission. Eppele, M. John, Paul Lewis, Dan Raj Regmi and Yogendra P. Yadava (eds.) 2012.Ethnologue: Languages of Nepal, Kathmandu: Central Department of Linguistics and SIL Intenational. Grierson, George A. [1909] 1967. Linguistic Survey of India. Delhi: MotilalBanarsidas. Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., (ed.). 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 15th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Government of Nepal. Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2007. Kathmandu. Lewis, M. P. and Simons, G. F. 2010. “Assessing Endangerment: Expanding Fishman’s GIDS.” Revue Romaine de Linguistique55.103-120. Malla, K.P. 1989. Langauge and Society in Nepal. In Malla, (ed.), Nepalese Perspectives on Continuity and Change, Kathmandu: CNAS. Noonan, M. 2005. Language Documentation and Language Endangerment, University of Iceland. Regmi, Dan Raj. 2010. Linguistic Survey of Nepal: Progress, Challenges and Prospect. A paper presented at the Linguistic Survey of Nepal: Progress,Challenges and Prospect and Field Report Presentation Workshop held on 21June 2010, at Seminar Hall, Central Department of Linguistics, T.U. Regmi, Dan Raj. 2011. “Linguistic Surveys in Nepal: A glimpse.” TU Bulletin Special 2011-12, 2011. Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Regmi, Dan Raj. 2012. “Multilingual Education in Nepal: Policy and Practice.” TU Bulletin Special, 2012.Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Toba, Sueyoshi. 2004. “Present Status of Reearch/Publication on Languages of Nepal.” Nepalese Linguiatics, 20: 148-53. Toba, S. 1992. Language Issues in Nepal. Kathmandu: Samdan Books and Stationers. UNESCO. 2006. Advocacy Kit for Multilingual Education. Bangkok. (Adapted and translated into Nepali in 2008)

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