Democratic politics, religious revival, & reform

1. Democratic politics, religious revival, & reform Chapter 10

2. Section 1 Focus Question: • How did the democratization of Americans politics contribute to the rise of Andrew Jackson? Big Picture: • 1824—REP’s split • DEM = state’s rights, Whigs= economy

3. The Age of Jackson • Political Democratization • End voting based on property ownership = more voters • End written ballots • Appointed offices now became elected offices • Political “caucuses”—conferences within political party to nominate presidential candidate vs popular vote

4. The Election of 1824 • Jackson won the popular vote but not the majority, so the House of Representatives had to decide • Henry Clay, Speaker of House, influenced them to elect John Quincy Adams • Once in office, Adams appointed Clay as Secretary of State • Jackson’s supporters claimed the two men had a “corrupt bargain

5. The Campaign of 1828

6. Lots of mudslinging

7. What made Jackson a “man of the people?”

9. What are his beliefs about government?

10. Election of 1828 • Lots of “mudslinging” during the campaign • Many states were expanding suffrage and the number of voters tripled • Many states no longer required owning property • Jackson was supported by thousands of first time voters

12. Love Him • Jackson’s status as a war hero made him popular • The fact that he did not come from a wealthy family helped people relate to him

13. Jackson’s InauguralParty? Hate Him • Politicians and elite feared he was unpredictable, stubborn, and too independent • Feared he would give too much power to the common man • People feared the “Reign of King Mob” I didn’t think he’d invite the people “en masse!” This is decidedly erroneous!!

14. Power to the People • How did the people gain more power during the Age of Jackson?

15. The Spoils System • Any and all government jobs taken and given to friends/supporters • Jackson supported the spoils system by saying • Any “intelligent” person could hold office

16. To the VICTOR goes the SPOILS!!! • Used to keep a small group of politicians from controlling the government • In the words of one of his supporters “To the victor goes the spoils.”

17. Egalitarian • Jackson feared the power of the government • Attacked (sometimes literally) any politician or law he thought was corrupt or dangerous to liberty

18. Did not believe in special privilege for the wealthy • Thought bank favored the rich

19. Vetoes • Jackson worked independently of Congress and politicians • Vetoed more acts of Congress than the six previous presidents • Earned himself the nickname “King Andrew I”

21. Tariff Battles • Tariff of 1816  on imports of cheap textiles. • Tariff of 1824  on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports. • Tariff of 1828  higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp]. • Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY. • The South alone was adamantly against it. • As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff. • They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

22. Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abomination”

23. Nullification • What brought about the Nullification Crisis? • Why did South Carolina threaten to secede from the Union? • How did Jackson react to this threat? • What was the result of the nullification crisis? Tariff of 1828—tax on goods in the North to pay for the military Could not pay taxes and drove up manufactured prices = BR stopped demanding Cotton Force Bill—Threatened with military Olive Branch—reduce the Tariff (1833), Sword—South still pays reduced tax Calhoun (VP) said unconstitutional, South paid b/c feared loosing slavery

24. Section 2 Focus Question: • How did Jackson’s policies and the Panic of 1837 help launch and solidify the Whig party? Big Picture: • Jackson’s veto will try to end banks. • Problems: no official printed money!

25. PSD: Jackson & Banks Jackson Banks Rich/powerful bend the acts, every man is entitled loans Farmers/mechanics/ laborers Safe & convenient, circulates $, checks local banks, loans Ensure foreign/domestic trade • States made void • SC voids taxes = cannot collect their own taxes • Power to pass laws and make laws that are the Supreme Law of the Land • Can’t leave a league and compacts are binding

26. War on the banks • How did Jackson feel about the banking system?

27. Why did people like or dislike the banks?

28. What types of people liked or disliked the banks?

29. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft”(paper) $ “Hard”(specie) $ • felt that coin was the only safecurrency. • didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes. • suspicious of expansion &speculation. • state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely. • supported rapid economic growth & speculation.

30. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle[an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

31. Biddle vsjackson • Who was Nicholas Biddle & why did Jackson dislike him? • What did Jackson do when Biddle renewed the charter early? • What were the effects of Jackson’s actions? President of NB, allowed rich to take out loans (speculators) Vetoed the charter and took the $ and gave to “pet” or state banks Banks printed too much $ + gave out too many loans = inflation

32. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook”[O. K.]

33. Election of 1836…panic of 1837 • The winner is… • What created the Panic of 1837? • How did Van Buren propose to fix the problems? Martin Van Buren “Martin Van Ruin” Too many banks, loans, notes = inflation, spreading to Europe Created an independent treasury—Federal government keeps $ in treasury and monitors how much it gives to the states.

34. Results of the Specie Circular • Banknotes loose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

35. Section 3 Focus Question: • What new assumptions about human nature lay behind the religious movements of the period? Big Picture: • Religious and reform movements attempt to change morals in the U.S.

36. Popular religion The First Great Awakening The Second Great Awakening 1790’s CT Revivals spread to frontier states Second coming of Jesus = repent sins “Exercises”in tents Led by ordinary farmers & merchants Religion was a matter of the heart, not head Law, order, & morality Led by Methodists • What do you remember? • When • What • who • Where • Why • How

37. Charles G Finney • 1820’s NY • Area of former Puritans “Burned-Over District” • Former lawyer, then minister • Performed revivals in Rochester, NY (Great Harvest) • Created “anxious seat” • Appealed to upper middle class • Women key converters

38. Mormons Founder: Joseph Smith

39. Background Beliefs • The Book of Mormon 1827 • Descendents went to America waiting for Jesus who came and performed miracles • Descendents turn to Natives by god because of conflict • Practiced Polygyny • Polygyny: The practice of a man having more than one wife. • Simple religion understanding • Attracted poor and uneducated Goal: Convert Indians and escape persecution

40. Views by others • Went against the bible • One of the two documents that was very important to American Republic

41. Unitarians By: Jacob Koller, The Stephinator, and Hunter Sullenberger

42. Unitarians • Formed in the 1800s. • Concentrated mainly in New England. • Believed that Jesus Christ was less than fully divine. (Jesus was just an average human) • Believed that human beings could change for the better. • Criticized revivalists and had conflict with them. (revivalists were too emotional)

44. 1 Background • The founder was mother Ann Lee in 1770 • came over form England in 1774 • created agricultural-artisans societies, called families • 2 Beliefs • communal societies separated men and women • no marriages • anti-materialism • separated from the outside • confession of sins • growth through adoption • named for their religions dance • no discrimination • 3 reactions • people considered their communities beautiful • admired their architecture, crafts, and furniture.

46. Section 4 Focus Question: • Did the reform movements primarily aim at making Americans more equal or orderly? Big Picture: • Men & women joined reform movements to improve education, equality, & civil rights.