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Stem Cells

Stem Cells. Alan D. Morales, ATC, LAT, M.Ed. Biology. Stem Cells. What are Stem Cells? What are the major types of Stem Cells and where are they found? Advantages & Disadvantages to ESCs and ASCs Why are Stem Cells so very important? The Controversy over Stem Cells?.

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Stem Cells

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  1. Stem Cells Alan D. Morales, ATC, LAT, M.Ed. Biology

  2. Stem Cells • What are Stem Cells? • What are the major types of Stem Cells and where are they found? • Advantages & Disadvantages to ESCs and ASCs • Why are Stem Cells so very important? • The Controversy over Stem Cells?

  3. What are Stem Cells? Stem Cells are extraordinary because: They can divide and make identical copies of themselves over and over again (Self-Renewal) Remain Unspecialized with no ‘specific’ function or become . . . . Specialized (Differentiated) w/ the potential to produce over 200 different types of cells in the body.

  4. Description: A colony of embryonic stem cells. 10X. Image in the Public Domain. Description: (A) Human ESCs; (B) Neurons derived from Human ESCs. Images courtesy of Nissim Benvenisty.

  5. Click Below for Tutorial Caption: This image depicts a colony of human embryonic stem cells grown over a period of 10 months in the absence of mouse feeder cells. The cell nuclei are stained green; the cell surface in red. Photo Credit: Courtesy Ren-He Xu/University of Wisconsin

  6. Stem Cell Countries

  7. Stem Cell History 1998 - Researchers first extract stem cells from human embryos 1999 - First Successful human transplant of insulin-making cells from cadavers 2001 - President Bush restricts federal funding for embryonic stem-cell research 2002 - Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International creates $20 million fund-raising effort to support stem-cell research 2003?? - California ok stem cell research 2004 - Harvard researchers grow stem cells from embryos using private funding 2004 - Ballot measure for $3 Billion bond for stem cells

  8. The Major Types of Stem Cells • Embryonic Stem Cells • From blastocysts left over from In-Vitro Fertilization in the laboratory • From aborted fetuses • B. Adult Stem Cells • Stem cells have been found in the blood, bone marrow, liver, kidney, cornea, dental pulp, umbilical cord, brain, skin, muscle, salivary gland . . . .

  9. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Stem_cells_diagram.pnghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Stem_cells_diagram.png

  10. Advantages and Disadvantages to Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells.

  11. Reprinted with permission of Do No Harm. Click on image for link to website.

  12. Reprinted with permission of Do No Harm. Click on image for link to website.

  13. Why is Stem Cell Research So Important to All of Us? • Stem cells allow us to study how organisms grow and develop over time. • Stem cells can replace diseased or damaged cells that can not heal or renew themselves. • We can test different substances (drugs and chemicals) on stem cells. • We can get a better understanding of our “genetic machinery.”

  14. Reprinted with permission from the Univ. of Kansas Medical Center. Click on image for link to originating website.

  15. What Human Diseases are Currently Being Treated with Stem Cells? • Parkinson’s Disease • Leukemia (Bone Marrow Transplants) • Skin Grafts resulting from severe burns Stem Cell Therapy has the Potential to: • Regenerate tissues/organs • Cure diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, etc.

  16. Why the Controversy Over Stem cells? • Embryonic Stem cells are derived from extra blastocysts that would otherwise be discarded following IVF. • Extracting stem cells destroys the developing blastocyst (embryo). -Questions for Consideration- Is an embryo a person? Is it morally acceptable to use embryos for research? When do we become “human beings?” For further information: http://bioethics.gov/cgi-bin/bioeth-counter

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