Instructional Resources and Assistive Technology to Enhance Student Learning

1. Instructional Resources and Assistive Technology to Enhance Student Learning Dr. Jann Leppien University of Great Falls jleppien@mt.net I like a teacher who gives you something to take home to think about besides homework. Lily Tomlin as “Edith Ann”

2. Workshop Agenda How Technology Supports Literacy Development Resources to Support 5 Literacy Areas Finding Alternative Lessons Using Professional Organizations Think Like an Ologist-Process Support Tools Graphic Organizers Assessment Protocols Telecollaborative Projects Webquests

3. Technology and Literacy • Provides students with opportunities to share experiences with other students • Assists teachers in locating curricular experiences to attend to student interest, readiness, and learning preference • Extends the application of lessons to real world • Simulates problem solving used by scientists, mathematician, etc. • Enhances text-based curriculum • Engages students in process-application activities

4. Find sources of information that are appropriate for students who may have difficulty reading. Some examples are visitations, interviews, photographs, pictorial histories, films, lectures, or experimentation. Remember, these children do not want the curriculum to be less challenging or demanding. Rather, they need alternative ways to receive the information. • Provide advanced organizers to help students receive and communicate information. Students who have difficulty organizing and managing time also benefit from receiving outlines of class lectures, study guides, and a syllabus of topics to be covered. Teach students who have difficulty transferring ideas to a sequential format on paper to use brainstorming and webbing to generate outlines and organize written work. • Provide management plans in which tasks are listed sequentially with target dates for completion. Finally, provide a structure or visual format to guide the finished product. A sketch of an essay or science project board will enable these students to produce a well-organized product. STRATEGIES

5. Use technology to promote productivity. Technology has provided efficient means to organize and access information, increase accuracy in mathematics and spelling, and enhance the visual quality of the finished product. In short, it allows students with learning disabilities to hand in work of which they can feel proud. • Offer a variety of options for communication of ideas. Writing is not the only way to communicate; all learning can be expressed and applied in a variety of modes. Slides, models, speeches, mime, murals, and film productions are examples. Remember, however, to offer these options to all children. Alternate modes should be the rule rather than the exception. • Help students who have problems in short-term memory develop strategies for remembering. The use of mnemonics, especially those created by students themselves, is one effective strategy to enhance memory. Visualization techniques have also proved to be effective. STRATEGIES http://www.goknow.com/Products.html

6. APA:Learner-Centered Psychological Principles • The learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience. • The successful learner, over time and with support and instructional guidance, can create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge. • The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways. • The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals. • Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical thinking. • Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including culture, technology, and instructional practices. Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors

7. APA:Learner-Centered Psychological Principles Motivational and Affective Factors • What and how much is learned is influenced by the learner’s motivation. Motivation to learn, in turn, is influences by the individual’s emotional states, beliefs, interests and goals, and habits of thinking. • The learner’s creativity, higher order thinking, and natural curiosity all contribute to motivation to learn. Intrinsic motivation is stimulated by tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty, relevant to personal interests, and providing for personal choice and control. • Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires extended learner effort and guided practice. Without learners’ motivation to learn, the willingness to exert this effort is unlikely without coercion.

8. APA:Learner-Centered Psychological Principles Developmental and Social • As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and constraints for learning. Learning is most effective when differential development within and across physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains is taken into account. • Learners have different strategies, approaches, and capabilities for learning that are a function of prior experience and heredity.

9. APA:Learner-Centered Psychological Principles • Learners have different strategies, approaches, and capabilities for learning that are a function of prior experience and heredity. • Learning is most effective when differences in learners’ linguistic, cultural, and social backgrounds are taken into account. • Setting appropriately high and challenging standards and assessing the learner as well as learning progress--including diagnostic, process, and outcome assessment--are integral parts of the learning process. Individual Differences

10. Phonemic Awareness Starfall http://www.starfall.com/ PbsKids: Visual Sound Correlation http://pbskids.org/lions/games/pounce2.html First Grade Skill Reinforcement http://www.internet4classrooms.com/skills_1st.htm#l BBC Schools TV Series http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/index.shtml Phonics Through Literature http://readwritethink.org/materials/wordwizard/

11. Vocabulary Activities Word of the Day http://www.m-w.com/game/ Clifford Interactive Stories http://teacher.scholastic.com/clifford1/index.htm

12. Text Comprehension Story Builders http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic93.htm Book Reviews http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic87.htm Wacky Web Tales http://www.eduplace.com/tales/ Discussion Tools http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic101discuss.html

13. Lessons and Resources Read-Write-Think http://www.readwritethink.org/ AOL@SCHOOL http://www.aolatschool.com/ Microsoft Education: Lesson Plans http://www.microsoft.com/education/default.mspx/ GradeOne Central http://www.geocities.com/GradeOne_ca/Lessons/

14. Student Tools Kid Publishing http://kidpub.com/kidpub/ The Biography Maker http://www.bham.wednet.edu/bio/biomaker.htm

15. Communication Tools Gaggle.net http://www.gaggle.net ePals http://www.epals.com/ Mosaic Listserve http://www.readinglady.com/mosaic/tools/tools.htm

16. Research and Reference Tools Refdesk.com http://www.refdesk.com/ Research It! http://www.itools.com/ Noodle Tools http://www.noodletools.com/ Ask An Expert http://www.askanexpert.com/ Word Central http://www.wordcentral.com/

17. Ebooks Tumblebooks http://www.tumblebooks.com/ Microsoft ebook Reader http://www.microsoft.com/reader/default.asp Finding eBooks http://www.free-ebooks.net/ Story Place http://www.storyplace.org University of Virginia http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ Literacy Tools

18. Fluency Virtual Book Club http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic112.htm Reader’s Theatre: Aaron Shepard http://www.aaronshep.com/ Dictionary Toolbar http://dictionary.reference.com/tools/toolbar/

19. Content Area Literacy SCORE Strategies http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/content_area_literacy/index.html Literacy Matters http://www.literacymatters.org/content/readandwrite/question.htm Instructional Strategies Resource http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/clic/instructional_strategies_resources.html Reading Online http://www.readingonline.org/ Misunderstood Minds http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/misunderstoodminds/readingstrats.html Literature Circles Resource Center http://www.litcircles.org/

20. Content Area Literacy Strengthening Reading and Writing Using Technology http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/content_area_literacy/index.html Best Practices http://teacher.scholastic.com/reading/bestpractices/comprehension/strategies.htm TextAnalyzer http://www.textalyser.net/ Tools for Reading, Writing, and Thinking-Greece NY http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/Tools/Index.htm

21. Math Tools FigureThis! http://www.figurethis.org/index.html Cool Math http://www.coolmath.com/ A Plus Math http://www.aplusmath.com/ Count On http://www.counton.org/

22. Math Tools Create a Graph http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/ National Library of Virtual Manipulatives http://nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/vlibrary.html Math Forum http://mathforum.org/

23. Java Programs http://dmoz.org/Science/Math/Education/Java_Applets/ http://www.arcytech.org/java/ http://surfaquarium.com/newsletter/primary.htm http://mathforum.org/mathtools/cell/m1,ALL,ALL,ALL/ http://www.explorelearning.com/

24. Create Your Own Surveys SurveyMonkey This software allows you to design professional online surveys. http://www.surveymonkey.com

25. Differentiating the Content:Finding Alternative Lessons Using Professional Organizations NSTANational Science Teachers Association http://www.nsta.org http://www.nctm.org http://www.ncss.org http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/

26. Differentiating the Content: Finding Alternative Lessons http://www.econedlink.org/ http://edsitement.neh.gov/ http://www.readwritethink.org/ http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/ National GeographicXPEDITIONS http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/

27. Differentiating Content and Process http://www.marcopolo-education.org/ http://www.nytimes.com/learning/ http://eduscapes.com/ http://www.timeforkids.com/TFK/index.html

28. Differentiating the Content: Finding Alternative Lessons http://www.goenc.com/ http://memory.loc.gov http://www.dohistory.org/home.html http://www.learner.org/teacherslab/math/patterns/index.html http://historymatters.gmu.edu/

29. Differentiating the Content: Finding Alternative Lessons http://www.pbs.org/ EyeWitness to History http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/index.html http://www.my-ecoach.com/resources/litconnect.html Jann’s Sites to Support Differentiation http://www.kn.sbc.com/wired/fil/pages/samdifferenja.html http://www.kn.sbc.com/wired/fil/pages/listsocialsja.html Mathematics, Science, History/Social Studies, Language Arts http://www.score.k12.ca.us/

30. Primary Sources and Document-Based Questions http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/fil/pages/listdocumentpa.html http://www.teachtheteachers.org/projects/AMoore/Crucible.htm Document-Based Questions http://www.upstatehistory.org/services/DHP/DBQ.html Teaching US History http://www.academicinfo.net/histusteach.html

31. Digital Support The Importance of Visual Literacy http://eduscapes.com/info/visuallit.html http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/ http://www.nicenet.org http://www.sil.si.edu/SILPublications/Online-Exhibitions/

32. Thinking Like Ologists http://www.koshland-science-museum.org/ http://science.education.nih.gov/ http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/Education/ Folklife and Fieldwork http://www.loc.gov/folklife/fieldwork/ http://www.ology.amnh.org/

33. The Story of Our Lives http://english.unitecnology.ac.nz/resources/units/lives/home.html Becoming Human http://www.becominghuman.org/ Mathematical Tools http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/tools.html http://mathforum.org/ Thinking Like Ologists

34. Thinking Like Ologists http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ALAN/spring99/brewbaker.html http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ALAN/winter98/harmon.html StatsCenter Sampler http://www.psych.utah.edu/learn/statsampler.html

35. Thinking Like Ologists http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/lessons/index_soc.html http://www.loc.gov/folklife/vets/vets-home.html http://www.kidsclick.org/ http://www.primarysourcelearning.org/

36. On-Line Tools http://illuminations.nctm.org/tools/index.aspx http://matti.usu.edu/nlvm/nav/vlibrary.html http://pbskids.org/cyberchase/games.html http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/ The Pilgrim Story http://myschoolonline.com/page/0,1871,2486-196464-2-51602,00.html

37. Technology and Learning Support Services On-Line Tools http://www.lane.k12.or.us/insttech/vtc/Text2Speech.html#osxspeech United Streaming http://unitedstreaming.com/publicPages/aboutUs.cfm http://www.visualthesaurus.com/index.jsp http://www.digitalaudiobooks.net/ http://www.audible.com

38. Research Support Online experiments in mechanics, density, genetics, etc. http://www.explorelearning.com/ A Hotlist on Research http://www.kn.sbc.com/wired/fil/pages/listresearchja1.html http://www.madsci.org/ http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/frog/ http://www.archives.gov/

39. Varying the Product:Real World Applications http://www.loc.gov/folklife/vets/vets-home.html http://www.math-kitecture.com/ http://whatkidscando.org/ Montana Heritage Project http://www.edheritage.org/

40. The Art of Digital Storytelling“Digital storytelling takes the ancient art of oral storytelling and engages a palette of technical tools to weave personal tales using images, graphics, music, and sound mixed together with author’s own story voice.”Bernajean Porter http://www.ebookhost.net/tldmc2/ebook.asp DigiTales: The Art of Telling Digital Stories http://www.digitales.us Electronic Text Center http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks/

41. A graphic organizer forms a powerful visual picture of information and allows the mind to see patterns and relationships. Differentiating the Process: Graphic Organizers http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/students/learning/lr2grap.htm http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/score/actbank/torganiz.htm

42. Download graphic organizers and keep them in a file for student use. Graphic organizers can be extended to make them more complex. On this graphic organizer have some students justify their selections and provide evidence of how these events have shaped our lives today. http://webcenter.netscape.teachervision.com/ ReadingQuest http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/readquest/ Tools for Writing and Reading http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/Tools/Index.htm Ocean Beach Elementary School http://www2.sandi.net/ocean/go.html http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/index.html

43. Assessment Resources

44. Assessment Protocols http://www.harding.edu/USER/dlee/WWW/webquest/RUBRICBUILDING.HTM http://rubistar.4teachers.org/ Six Trait Writing Assessment http://www.nwrel.org Math and Science Education Center http://www.nwrel.org/msec/index.html http://6traits.cyberspaces.net/ Chicago Public Schools http://intranet.cps.k12.il.us/Assessments/Ideas_and_Rubrics/ideas_and_rubrics.html http://www.exemplars.com

45. Differentiating the Content and ProcessWhat is a Telecollaborative Project? A telecollaborative project is an educational project that involves sharing information with another person or group of people over the internet. Telecollaborative projects range from setting up simple keypal relationships between your students and another class to involving many classrooms and experts from around the world in an information-gathering project that requires a collaborative effort. IECC (Intercultural Email Classroom Connections) connects educators seeking classroom collaboration worldwide. http://www.teaching.com/index.cfm http://www.teaching.com/act/

46. Telecollaborative Projects http://www.ciese.org/currichome.html Blue Web’N http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/bluewebn/ http://www.iearn.org/projects/index.html Classroom FeederWatch http://www.birds.cornell.edu/cfw/

47. Collaborative Projects Global Schoolhouse http://www.globalschoolnet.org/GSH/index.html http://www.learner.org/jnorth/

48. WebQuests A WebQuest is an inquiry-oriented activity in which most or all of the information used by learners is drawn from the Web. WebQuests are designed to use learners’ time well, to focus on using information rather than looking for it, and to support learners’ thinking at the levels of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The model was developed in the early 1995 at San Diego State University by Bernie Dodge with Tom March.

49. A WebQuest About WebQuests Click on the site below to participate in a WebQuest About WebQuests. Work in teams of four to examine five WebQuests from four different points of view. Select the grade level most appropriate for the grade you teach. http://webquest.sdsu.edu/materials.htm

50. Differentiating the Content, Process, and Product Uses of WebQuests Learning Center Activities Hook the computer up to your TV to use as a station. Find WebQuests that help students process the “Big Ideas” in your curricular unit. Tiered Assignments Locate 3 different WebQuests at varying levels of complexity that help students apply the unit’s skills or ideas. Anchor Activity for Research Create your own Filamentality site to assist students in carrying out their research.