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Chemical Equations and Reactions

Chemical Equations and Reactions. By: Erica, Brittany, Dana. 5 Types of Chemical Reactions. There are 5 different types of reactions: Synthesis Decomposition Single replacement Double replacement Combustion They are used to predict the products of specific reactions. Synthesis.

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Chemical Equations and Reactions

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  1. Chemical Equations and Reactions By: Erica, Brittany, Dana

  2. 5 Types of Chemical Reactions • There are 5 different types of reactions: • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single replacement • Double replacement • Combustion • They are used to predict the products of specific reactions

  3. Synthesis • Two or more elements or compounds combine to make one compound • A+B AB • Example: • 2Mg+O₂ • Combine elements Mg and O to make one compound • 2Mg+O₂2MgO

  4. Practice Synthesis • Synthesis • C+O₂ • S₈+8O₂

  5. Practice Synthesis • Synthesis • C+O₂CO₂ • S₈+8O₂8SO₂

  6. Decomposition • A compound is broken down into 2 or more elements or compounds • ABA+B • Examples: • 2H₂O • Break down the compound 2H₂O • 2H₂O2H₂+O₂

  7. Practice Decomposition • Decomposition • 2HgO • CaCO₃

  8. Practice Decomposition • Decomposition • 2HgO2Hg+O₂ • CaCO₃Ca+CO₂

  9. Single Replacement • One part of a compound switches places with an element, forming a new compound • A+BCAC+B • Examples: • Fe+CuSO₄ • Switch compounds Fe and Cu • Fe+CuSO₄Cu+FeSO₄

  10. Practice single replacement • Single replacement • 2Na+2H₂0 • Mg+2HCl

  11. Practice single replacement • Single replacement • 2Na+2H₂02NaOH+H₂ • Mg+2HClH₂+MgCl₂

  12. Double Replacement • Parts of 2 compounds switch places to form 2 new compounds • AB+CDAD+CB • Examples: • 2KI+Pb(NO₃)₂ • Elements K and Pb Switch places • 2KI+Pb(NO₃)₂2KNO₃+PbI₂

  13. Practice Double Replacement • Double replacement • FeS+2HCl • HCl+NaOH

  14. Practice Double Replacement • Double replacement • FeS+2HClH₂S+FeCl₂ • HCl+NaOHNaCl+H₂O

  15. Combustion • Any hydrocarbon burned in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water • Examples of combustion are burning of natural gas, propane, gas, and wood • Example: • CH₄+O₂ CO₂+H₂O • Methane is burned in oxygen and creates carbon dioxide and water

  16. Practice Combustion • Combustion • 2H₂+O₂ • C₃H₈+5O₂

  17. Practice Combustion • Combustion • 2H₂+O₂2H₂O • C₃H₈+5O₂3CO₂+4H₂O

  18. Activity Series • A list of elements used to help predict whether or not a reaction will occur • The elements are organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions • In a single replacement reaction, an element can replace any element lower than it on the series

  19. How about • Cu+ AgNO3  ? How about Zn + CaCl₂  ? Will this reaction occur? Zn + HCl ?

  20. Yes, Hydrogen is lower than Zinc on the activity series. Therefore, Zinc will combine with Chlorine, and Hydrogen will separate from Zinc. Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl₂ + H₂ • How about • Cu+ AgNO3  ? How about Zn + CaCl₂  ? Will this reaction occur? Zn + HCl ?

  21. Yes, Hydrogen is lower than Zinc on the activity series. Therefore, Zinc will combine with Chlorine, and Hydrogen will separate from Zinc. Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl₂ + H₂ Will not occur • How about • Cu+ AgNO3  ? How about Zn + CaCl₂  ? Will this reaction occur? Zn + HCl ? Will occur

  22. Balancing Equations • Equations should be balanced because the Law of Conservation of Matter states that mass can not be lost or gained in a chemical reaction. • Therefore, the total mass of the reactants must equal total mass of the products

  23. Balancing Decomposition of H₂O • Water  hydrogen + oxygen • H₂O  H₂ + O₂ because hydrogen and oxygen exist as diatomic molecules • There are two H molecules and one O molecule in the reactants • There are two H molecules and two O molecules in the products • This is not balanced

  24. Balancing Decomposition of H₂O • H₂O  H₂ + O₂ • 2 H₂O  H₂ + O₂ • Now there are more H molecules on the reactant side • 2 H₂O  2 H₂ + O₂ • Now there are 4 H molecules on each side and 2 O molecules on each side • Now it’s balanced! 

  25. Writing and Balancing Practice • methane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water • CH₄+ O₂  CO₂+ H₂O • CH₄+ 2 O₂  CO₂+ 2 H₂O Try this! • Zinc + hydrochloric acid  zinc chloride + hydrogen • Zn + HCl  ZnCl₂ + H₂ • Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl₂ + H₂

  26. Writing and Balancing Practice • Try this! • Iron sulfide + hydrochloric acid • Yield • Hydrogen sulfide + iron (III) chloride • FeS+HCl  H₂S + FeCl₂ • FeS+2 HCl  H₂S + FeCl₂

  27. Sources • http://www.jesuitnola.org/upload/clark/refs/solu_act.htm (activity series)

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