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CELLS

CELLS. Building Blocks of Life. Prokaryotic Cells. Prokaryotic cells Very simple Few internal structures DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus NO membrane-bound organelles. Examples of Prokaryotic Cells. Photos: Daniel Kunkel. Eukaryotic Cells. Eukaryotic Cells Very complex

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CELLS

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  1. CELLS Building Blocks of Life Martin 2005

  2. Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells • Very simple • Few internal structures • DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus • NO membrane-bound organelles Martin 2005

  3. Examples of Prokaryotic Cells Photos: Daniel Kunkel Martin 2005

  4. Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells • Very complex • Many internal structures • DNA is enclosed in a nucleus • Many membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and Golgi bodies Martin 2005

  5. Examples of Eukaryotic Cells http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0919 Martin 2005

  6. Cell Membrane Cell membrane: The protective layer around all cells. The cell membrane controls what goes in and what goes out of cells. The Fence Martin 2005

  7. Cell Wall Cell Wall: Tough, rigid outer covering found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Animal cells do not have cell walls. Cell walls protect and support. The Brick Wall http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cellwall.htm Martin 2005

  8. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: The gel-like material inside cells. This is where many of the chemical reactions take place The Filler Martin 2005

  9. The Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton: Helps the cell maintain OR change its shape. Some organisms move by stretching and contracting the cytoskeleton. The Bones http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cytoskeleton.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0919 Martin 2005

  10. The Nucleus Nucleus: Directs all the activities of the cell. The DNA in the nucleus contains the instructions for everything the cell does. The nucleus is surrounded by its own membrane. The Brain Martin 2005

  11. The Mitochondria Mitochondria: Break down food (sugars) into carbon dioxide and water. This reaction releases the stored energy in the food, The Furnace The Powerhouse Martin 2005

  12. Mitochondria at Work http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/mito.htm Martin 2005

  13. The Chloroplasts Chloroplasts: Use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars (food). Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. The Sugar Factory Martin 2005

  14. Chloroplasts at Work http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/chloro.htm Martin 2005

  15. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum: One long membrane that connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. It has many folds. Proteins and other chemicals move along this membrane. The Highway System Martin 2005

  16. The ER at Work http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/endo.htm Martin 2005

  17. The Ribosomes Ribosomes: Made in the nucleolus, these organelles move out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. They have no membranes that surround them. They make proteins. The Protein Factory http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/ribo.htm Martin 2005

  18. The Golgi Bodies Golgi Bodies: These organelles sort, fold, package, and deliver proteins and other chemicals to areas inside and outside the cell. The UPS Store: Sort, Pack, and Deliver Martin 2005

  19. Golgi Bodies at Work http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/golgi.htm Martin 2005

  20. The Lysosomes Lysosomes: These contain digestive chemicals (enzymes) that break down food particles, waste products, and damaged cell parts for recycling. These are much more important in animal cells. The Recycling Center http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/lyso.htm Martin 2005

  21. The Vacuoles Vacuoles: These temporarily store water, food, and waste materials. These are very large and very important in plant cells. They also provide support. The Closet http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/vacuole.htm Martin 2005

  22. References http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/introduction.html http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cells.htm Martin 2005

  23. Gallery of Cells Martin 2005

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