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1763–1775

1763–1775. CHAPTER 6 THE LIMITS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL. CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ. “We are taxed without our own consent, we are therefore Slaves.”. John Dickinson, “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. TIMELINE. 1763 Pontiac’s Uprising

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1763–1775

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  1. 1763–1775 CHAPTER 6 THE LIMITS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ

  2. “We are taxed without our own consent, we are therefore Slaves.” John Dickinson, “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

  3. TIMELINE 1763 Pontiac’s Uprising 1764 Sugar and Currency Acts 1766 Declaratory Act 1767 Jesuits expelled from Spanish realm Revenue Acts 1768 Treaty of Hard Labor in South Carolina Treaty of Fort Stanwiz in New York British troops in Boston 1770 Boston Massacre 1771 North Carolina Regulators defeated 1772 Gaspee incident 1773 Boston Tea Party

  4. TIMELINE continued 1774 “Intolerable Acts” First Continental Congress Declaration of Rights (March-June) Coercive Acts 1775 Second Continental Congress (April) Revere warns Provincial Congress “The British are coming…”

  5. THE LIMITS OF IMPERIAL CONTROL Overview • New Challenges to Spain’s Expanded Empire • New Challenges to Britain’s Expanded Empire • :The Unconquerable Rage of the People” • A Conspiracy of Corrupt Ministers? • Launching a Revolution

  6. NEW CHALLENGES TO SPAIN’S EXPANDED EMPIRE • Pacific Exploration, Hawaiian Contact • The Russians Lay Claim to Alaska • Spain Colonizes the California Coast

  7. Pacific Exploration, Hawaiian Contact • 1766: Bougainville searches for “Terra Australis Incognita” • 1778: Cook in the Hawaiian Islands • 1779: Cook returns to Hawaii but is killed by Hawaiians after pilfering

  8. The Russians Lay Claim to Alaska • 1728: Vitus Bering crosses Siberia and crosses the strait over into North America • Russian trappers kidnapping of Alaskan natives to barter for furs • Shelikov forms company which becomes the Russian-American Company in 1799 • Russian posts established in Kodiak, Sitka and extends reach to Spanish California

  9. Spain Colonizes the California Coast • San Diego Bay established in 1769 • Monterey established in 1770 • Franciscan missionaries • San Francisco established in 1775 • Exploration by land and sea • Yuma revolt in 1781

  10. British North America, 1763-1766

  11. NEW CHALLENGES TO BRITAIN’S EXPANDED EMPIRE • Midwestern Lands and Pontiac’s War for Indian Independence • Greenville’s Effort at Reform • The Stamp Act Imposed • The Stamp Act Revisited

  12. Midwestern Lands and Pontiac’s War for Indian Independence • French had been good trading partners with Indians; but Britain initiates prohibitions on trade and ceremonial gifts • Pontiac, Ottawa warrior builds coalition and attacks Detroit in 1763 • 1765: Pontiac assassinated • 1763: Proclamation Line, no settlers west of the Appalachian Divide • 1768: Treaty of Hard Labor and Treaty of Fort Stanwix

  13. Greenville’s Effort at Reform • 1763 Greenville inherits large national debt • A military presence in the colonies enforces peace with Indians, protects Canada and Florida, and employs young men. Asks colonies to pay their stipends • American Duties Act of 1764 • The Currency Act of 1764 • Quartering Act

  14. The Stamp Act Imposed • A statute that would require the purchasing of stamps for paper documents from agents raising 7.5% of all stamp sales for England • Some colonists consulted and England anticipated easy acceptance of the Act.

  15. The Stamp Act Revisited • Patrick Henry’s 5 resolutions (Virginia Resolves) • Stamp Act Congress in New York in October, 1765 • The Loyal Nine forces stamp distributor to resign • The Sons of Liberty • Boycott of goods from Britain • Parliament repeals the Stamp Act and enacts the Declaratory Act • “to make Laws…to bind the Colonists and People of America…in all Cases whatsoever.”

  16. “THE UNCONQUERABLE RAGE OF THE PEOPLE” • Expanding the Framework for Revolution • Rural Unrest: Tenant Farmers and Regulators

  17. Expanding the Framework for Revolution • Aristotle and “mobocarcy” • Real Whigs • Two signs to watch for: concentration of wealth in few hands and the political and social corruption that follow • Trenchard and Gordon’s Cato’s Letters • Tyranny is often imposed through small, subtle steps • John Adams • “Rage of the People”

  18. Rural Unrest: Tenant Farmers and Regulators • John Wilkes imprisoned in 1768 and St. George’s Field massacre • 1765: William Prendergast and the Levellers and the Hudson Valley Revolt • 1771: The Regulator Movement in the Carolina

  19. A CONSPIRACY OF CORRUPT MINISTERS? • The Townshend Duties • The Boston Massacre • The Gaspee Affair

  20. The Townshend Duties • Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townsend • Revenue Act of 1767 • Customs Act of 1767 • February, 1768, Sam Adams petitions the king call the Revenue Act unconstitutional using taxation without representation • June, 1768, Hancock’s ship the Liberty seized • The Boycott/Nonimportation movement • Daughters of Liberty • March, 1770, Lord North has Parliament repeal the Townshend Duties, except for the one on tea

  21. The Boston Massacre • February, 1770, 11 year old Seider killed by a customs informer • March 5, 1770 protestors outside a custom hours provoke soldiers who then fired into the crown • Crispus Attucks • John Adams, defender of the soldiers • Sons of Liberty take up cause naming the incident The Boston Massacre • Adams: “On that night the foundation of American independence was laid.”

  22. The Gaspee Affair • June 1772, the customs boat, Gaspee, run aground is attacked by raiders in Pawtuxet • Earl of Hillsborough attempts to extradite the raiders for trial in England prompting colonists to resist citing that their fundamental rights to trial by a jury of the peers was being denied. • March 1773 Henry, Jefferson, and Lee establish investigating committee and commit to keep in contact with sister colonies.

  23. LAUNCHING A REVOLUTION • The Tempest Over Tea • The Intolerable Acts • From Words to Action

  24. The Tempest Over Tea • The Tea Act of 1773 confirms the right of Parliament to collect a tea tax of threepence per pound • 10,000 pounds of tea arrive in Boston and Governor Hutchinson decides to unload amid Sons of Liberty’s vow to resist • December 16: 150 men disguised as Mohawks boarded and dumped the tea in the harbor

  25. The Intolerable Acts • March-June, 1774 Coercive Acts designed to isolate and punish Massachusetts • Boston Port Act • Administration of Justice Act • The Quartering Act • Massachusetts Government Act • The Quebec Act • Jefferson’s A Summary View of the Rights of British America • Minutemen

  26. From Words to Action • September 1774, 56 delegates at the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia • October 1774, Declaration of Rights • April 1775, Gage ordered to arrest members of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. • Revere and Dawes warnings and British greeted by colonial militiamen • “The shot heard round the world” at Concord; the British retreat

  27. British North America, April 1775

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