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Shirky on Culture

Shanna Smith Dr. Arroyo English 488. Shirky on Culture. Deterance.

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Shirky on Culture

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  1. Shanna Smith Dr. Arroyo English 488 Shirky on Culture

  2. Deterance • Definition: “When negative consequences are imposed on a behavior, they will produce a reduction of that particular response. When those negative consequences are removed , the behavior that has been discontinued will typically reappear.” • Example: Israeli Day Care centers • “A fine is a price.”

  3. “Culture as a Coordinating Tool” • Definition of Culture: “A collectively held set of norms and behaviors within a group.” • “Our behavior contributes to an environment that encourages some opportunities and hinders others.” -Shirky • Example: The Invisible College (1645) • Success in collaboration and Collective Knowledge

  4. The Economies of Sharing • The sharing of knowledge can only occur under certain circumstances, including: size of the community, cost of sharing, clarity of information, and the cultural norms of those participating.

  5. Size • “The more people in a community who can understand a particular fact, method, or story, the likelier it is that those people will be able to work together to make use of those bits of knowledge.”

  6. Cost • “Anything that lowers the cost of transmitting knowledge can increase the pool of knowers.” • Example: The Printing Press

  7. Clarity • Clear instructions can help knowledge “circulate much more effectively among people who understand it.” • Acquisition is accelerated.

  8. Cultural Norms • “Communities of Practice” –Etiene Wenger • Social Adhesiveness vs. Bits of Knowledge • Cultures of Sharing: Apache Webserver

  9. Impact of the Internet “Our technological tools for making information globally available and discoverable by amateurs, at zero marginal cost, thus represents an enormous and positive shock to the combinability of knowledge.”

  10. Differing Perspctives • Christopher Avenier • Facebook used as a study group: Is it a relable source? • Professors argue “no” because of “freeloading.” • “Students have to be involved in forging new constraints in the context of their new abilities.”

  11. The Bias • Professionals vs. Amateurs • Example: Patientslikeme.com • Changes in social norms create a Cultural Shift.

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