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Bio-energy in Poland Bioresources, industry & RTD potentials

„International Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation”. A contribution within the context of the Weimar Triangle Warsaw, October 7 th , 2004. Bio-energy in Poland Bioresources, industry & RTD potentials. Grzegorz Wisniewski

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Bio-energy in Poland Bioresources, industry & RTD potentials

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  1. „International Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation”. A contribution within the context of the Weimar Triangle Warsaw, October 7th, 2004 Bio-energy in Poland Bioresources, industry & RTD potentials Grzegorz Wisniewski ecbrec@ibmer.waw.pl EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre – Centre of Excellence Institute for Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture Warsaw, Poland, www.ecbrec.pl

  2. Poland: general data: land use General data Area312 thous km2 Forestry area8,9 mln ha Woodiness 9,4% Timber removals26,9 hm3 Agriculture land18,4 mln ha Sown area 2,6 mln ha

  3. Opportunities for energy crops in the EUNMS Biggest bio-energy export potential

  4. Policy & legal drivers for RES in Poland and EU NMS *Usually quota obligation does not favour advanced technology development

  5. Forecast for the primary energy use in Poland till 2020 in PJ, „National Energy Policy”, reference scenario No nuclear energy in Poland!

  6. Utilisation of renewable energy sources in Poland ‘2002 (source: EC BREC) *Biomass – 92% of total production of renewable energy

  7. Expected structure of capacity increase in RES in Poland 2002- 2010 National Renewable Energy Strategy ‘2001 RES target ‘2010 – - 7,5% TPS Official short term technological priorities?

  8. Total production of energy in 2010, TJ Solar water collectors Solar air collectors Geothermal heating plants Bioethanol Rape oil methyl esters Independent biomass-fired boilers Automatic straw-fired heating plants Automatic wood-fired heating plants Wood-fired combined heat and power plants Landfill gas Farm biogas plants Town biogas plants Photovoltaic systems Small hydro-electric power plants Wind power plants 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 Generation of energy from RES in Development Strategy of Renewable Energy Sources

  9. FORESTRY FIRE-WOD POTENTIAL Forestry area 8,9 mln ha Woodiness 28,3% Timber removals 26,9Mm3 Afforestations63.000 ha/a Long-term plan 0,7 Mha by ‘2020 ACTUAL PROD FOR ENERGY FIRE-WOOD – 1,5 Mm3 SMALL-SIZE – 0,7 Mm3 FUTURE LOGGING RESIDUE – 1-1,6 Mm3 ROOT & STUMWOOD – 1,6 Mm3 SMALL-SIZE (EARLY THINNINGS) – 2,5 Mm3 Woodiness in Voivodships and timber harvest [m3/100 ha] (GUS - Forestry Statistics 2002) 10

  10. STRAW POTENTIALS

  11. Biogas technical potential; 26 PJ in total No of poultry farms above 5000 units No of cow farms above 100 units No of pig farms above 500 units

  12. Bioenergy market: short and medium term opportunities • CO-FIRING (biomass+coal), large power plants, industry • BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING (municipalities) • CHP (small and medium scale, industry, municipalities) • TRANSPORT (biodiesel, bioethanol) Problem: development of solid biofuels market • BIOGAS (from agriculture) • BIOMASS GASIFICATION Problem: market maturity of technologies

  13. Bioenergy Market- role of biomass co-firing • Accession Treaty–an indicative RES-E goal for Poland ‘2010 - 7.5% • Governmental assumption: 4% of green electricityfrom biomass co-fring in coal power plants in 2010 – equivalent of some 8-10 million tons (10-12 million m3) of fuel • The present logging of wood - 2.5 million m3, missing – • 9-10 million m3should therefore come mostly from energy crops (ca. 300 thousand hectares) or be imported • Resulting competitions and conflicts of interests: • -land competition (food-energy), • -biofuels import-export competition, • -competition for current limited biomass resources for green heat & green & liquid biofuels production, • -sustainability of agriculture &energy?

  14. Drivers for bio-energy deployment Good public perception and the role of bio-energy RTD INTEGRATION OF ACTIVITIES

  15. The results of Polish bioenergy RTD scan Source: ERA-Bioenergy ‘2003 • About 150 experts and scientific workers are active in bioenergy • Comparable small research groups: 1-4 scientists • Annually budget in bioenergy area - about 2 000 000 EUR • Rather small scale dispersed projects: 5000 – 50000 EUR/year • Biggest projects financed by FP5 • A few bilateral projects: Sweden, Germany, ... • Two national bioenergy programmes under preparation • Participation of Poland in NoE Bioenergy (FP6)

  16. Share of biomass to energy conversion topics in RTD projects ‘2002 Since ‘2003 new topic – biomass co-firing with coal due to new legislation and industrial interest Source: ERA Bioenergy, FP5,’2003

  17. INTEGRATION of NATIONAL RTDPolish Sustainable Energy RTD Network of CoE R E E L L A T B E D A W E E N E c s E n o o P R e - c o r i b l o g i u - y g H i e E e C l c y s n d t o u o d i e o n r r E n r r m o a o n a g o t g m e g i s p e r m e o i F g c n n u e i y s e s a l s c n e i l l s o 6 n F B i P o m a s s S t e e r i n g N C o m m i t t e e C V P P K d B y n t i i l c n N i a W r o R t m i c t E e n r a l e E r o N t h i s y t t e E E o g a u P L r e r q W e B S g e G H 2 A n s O e A E e N Y S t C I B G R n A R i T L E S N E U E S S Institue for Energy –coordinator EC BREC – coordinator of bio-energy sub-network

  18. Overcoming barriers to development of bioenergy Market stimulation by subsidies and legal instruments R&D of renewable technologies „VICIOUS CIRCLE” OF BIOENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Area of co-operation with industry and scientific centres SMALL SCALE OF PRODUCTION HIGH COSTS Area of co-operation with local governments in implementation of projects

  19. Strength of bio-energy in Poland • Considerable bio-resources availability at lower than in EU-15 cost (land and labour); • Potential surplus of agricultural production and opportunities for energy crops production • Attractive short term options for heat and CHP production: coal to biomass (co-firing) or biogas instead of imported gas/oil • Continuous improvement of bio-energy policy and legal framework, driven by the EU regulations • Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby

  20. Polish Bio-energy RTD – theses for further discussion • Bio-energy research suffers from under-funding but the existing research potential is considerable and should be one of the national RTDassets in near future • Temporary focus on short and medium term research is essential for better involvement of bio-energy industry and for increase of the share of private funding for energy RTD. • There is a need for joint setting of relevant RTD bio-energy priorities and measures in Poland, considering biomass resources, maturity and potential of industry, as well as current specialisation and possible co-operation with others EU MS. • Open questions: • will Poland be one of the bio-energy leading country in the EU and advanced technology creator or just technology imitator • how much Poland wil contribute to the ERA in scope of renewable energy/bio-energy?

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