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Demonstrating Ethanol’s Value Octane Value & Performance Blending Issues Today Pathway Forward

Demonstrating Ethanol’s Value Octane Value & Performance Blending Issues Today Pathway Forward. Steve Vander Griend. ICM Inc. 1. Ultimate Goal. Identify testing that shows accurate emission profiles and performance Address the concerns of both Automotive and Health studies

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Demonstrating Ethanol’s Value Octane Value & Performance Blending Issues Today Pathway Forward

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  1. Demonstrating Ethanol’s ValueOctane Value & PerformanceBlending Issues TodayPathway Forward Steve Vander Griend ICM Inc. 1

  2. Ultimate Goal • Identify testing that shows accurate emission profiles and performance • Address the concerns of both Automotive and Health studies • Help the consumer understand the benefits of ethanol • Make a better fuel for America 2

  3. ICM Data & Background Research • 2013-01-1635: An Overview of the Effects of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on SI Engine Performance, Fuel Efficiency, and Emissions • 2013-01-1124: Fuel Composition Effects On Particulate Emissions in Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines 3

  4. Introduction to Ethanol Ethanol as a Fuel • Octane is predictable • Vapor Pressure is predictable • Cooling Effect is 4X gasoline • Distillation changes to gasoline is predictable • Good Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio and Mole fraction • Bio-Degradable with very low toxicity • Positive Carbon Balance Value 4

  5. Octane, Does It Matter? Octane Performance over measured Octane Measured Octane (Blending Value) E0 to E30 = +14 Octane E30 to E98 = +7 Octane 5

  6. How to Improve Efficiency • SAE 2012-01-1277 Effects of Heat of Vaporization, Chemical Octane, and Sensitivity on Knock Levels for Ethanol-Gasoline Blends • Increased Efficiency is achieved by increasing the working pressure of each combustion event: • Octane allows the increase of overall • efficiency increase. • Sensitivity allow a wider range of • overall efficiency when optimized • (horizontal) 6

  7. Dealing with Market Based Fuels & ASTM 7

  8. Controlling Reid Vapor Pressure in and out of Reformulated Gasoline Areas • Lowering RVP • -Lowers Evaporative Emissions • -Increases Cold Start Emissions • -Increases PM/PN Emissions • Reduces Fuel Mixing • Higher Distillate Aromatics Found in Gasoline • Reduced Emissions • Best Efficiency Today 8

  9. Ethanol’s Clean High Octane Advantage 9

  10. Looking for a Pathway that Raises The Value For Ethanol Questions- ? Steve Vander Griend ICM Inc., svandergriend@icminc.com 316-213-6132 4 10

  11. Additional Slides 11

  12. ICM’s Testing In Detroit/ EPAApproved Facility Average of 3 Vehicles Gasoline Optical Picture During Cold Start E85 12

  13. 2011 Buick Regal, FTP Drive Cycle Particulate Number Accumulation 13

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