Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece City States Sparta v Athens

2. Social Structure and government In ancient times Greece was made up of many independent states. The Greeks called each of these a polis, or city state.

3. Social Structure and government A polis consisted of the city and its surrounding country side. The largest polis was ATHENS, which had about 2,500 sq km of territory.

4. Temple dedicated to the city’s patron deity Fortified area of high land - Acropolis Open area called an AGORA Private houses City walls Social Structure and government The Greeks liked to keep each city state small. Even the largest city states had no more than a few thousand citizens. ACTIVITY Label a picture of the city.

6. Athens and Sparta

7. Athenian Women Athenian Men Athenian Children Education Hoplite Main God/Goddess Life in Athens

8. Athenians thought of themselves as the shining star of the Greek city-states. They were famed for their literature, poetry, drama, theatre, schools, buildings, and government.  Ancient Athens was the most powerful city-state in ancient Greece. The rulers and people of Athens controlled the land surrounding the city, this area was called Attica. The great city takes its name from the goddess Athena.

9. Athens • Athenians thought of themselves as the shining star of the Greek city-states. They were famed for their literature, poetry, drama, theatre, schools, buildings, and government. • Athenians were famed for their commitment to the arts and sciences.

10. Gods and Goddesses of Athens • The Greeks believed that each city-state in ancient Greece had a god or a goddess in charge of it, their special patron. For Athens, the patron was Athena, goddess of wisdom. Perhaps because Athena was their patron, Athenians put a great deal of emphasis on education.

11. Athenian Life • http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/athens/story/sto_set.html

12. Education in Athens • Girls learned at home from their mothers. They learned how to run a home, and how to be good wives and mothers. • Boys were educated quite differently. Until age 6 or 7, boys were taught at home by their mothers. From 7-14, boys attended a day school outside the home. There, they memorized Homeric poetry and learned to play the lyre. They learned drama, public speaking, reading, writing, math, and perhaps even how to play the flute. • After middle school, they went to a four year high school and learned more about math, science, and government. At 18, they attended two years of military school. • There was just cause for Athens to be proud of its system of education for its citizens.

13. Athenian Government • Each city-state chose its own form of government. Most Greek city-states were ruled by kings. In Athens, citizens (the men) met each week to discuss problems. They worked on solutions. The men of Athens experimented with government. For about 100 years, Athens was the first semi-democracy. • Male citizens in Athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city and serve on juries. However, democracy was not open to everyone. Citizen women and children were not allowed to vote. Slaves and foreigners living in Athens (known as metics) were banned from participating in government.

14. Slaves • Slaves were very important to the ancient Greek way of life. Slaves cleaned and cooked, worked in the fields, factories, shops, in the mines, and on ships. Even the police force in ancient Athens was made up of slaves! Most slaves lives were not that different from a poor Greek citizen's life. • There were things slaves could not do. They could not go to school, or enter politics, or use their own name. They were given a name by the citizen who owned them. They were the property of their owner, not citizens of ancient Greece. • People became slaves in many ways. Some people became slaves when captured in battle. Some were the children of slaves. Some were Greek infants, abandoned on a hill or at the gates of a town, left to die, or to be rescued by someone passing by. Some children were sold into slavery by poor families, and some children were kidnapped. • Slaves were so important to the culture of ancient Greece, that some historians believe there were as many slaves as citizens!

15. Hoplites • The Greeks were the first to begin training their soldiers to fight in an organised fashion rather than just running at the enemy • Greek generals trained their soldiers to fight in lines, shoulder to shoulder. In this way each man (women were not allowed to be soldiers) was protected by the shield of the man standing next to him. When they all marched forward together, no enemy spears or arrows could get through their wall of shields.A soldier who fought this way was called a hoplite (HOP-light), and a group of soldiers who fought this way were called a hoplite phalanx (FAY-lanks). A hoplite phalanx was a very strong military formation - but it only worked if all the soldiers were well trained, and if they were all brave enough to hold the line.

16. The city of ancient Sparta was famous throughout Greece because of its strong army. Sparta dominated Greece for many years until the city of ancient Athens grew its navy, taking power from Sparta.

17. Spartan Women Spartan Men Spartan Children Education Helot Main God/Goddess Life in Sparta

18. Gods and Goddesses of Sparta Sparta was not like Athens who had one patron god but it had two. These two were Ares and Artemis. Ares was the god of war and Artemis was the goddess of the hunt. Ares was the Greek god of war. He was not much of a strategic man but just wanted to fight unlike his half sister, Athena. Sparta has him as their patron god because they strive to be as militaristic as him. They had this achieved for a period of time in which they completely destroyed Athens and forced her to surrender by cutting of her food supply.

19. Spartan Life The Spartans and all Greeks believed in Greek mythology. So they honoured and counted on them as a religion. Like how Demeter made harvest but made winter when her daughter left her. But Sparta’s patron gods were Ares, god of war and Artemis, goddess of the hunt and moon. Those gods were always at their assistance, and they followed their footsteps. (They are great athletes, hunters, and battlers. Even the women were taught like that!) The Spartans were not afraid of death because they couldn’t imagine how the underworld could be worse than the miserable life they had up here. These children were taken from their family to train in military. They were given little food, but they are expected to cheat, lie and steal for food. If they were caught, they were whipped in front of a crowd, including their parents. They stayed in the military until age 60. Women expected almost the same so they could have a healthy baby. Their archenemy was Athens.

20. Role of Spartan Woman Women in Sparta had more rights than most of the other polises. They had power, status and they were respected. They took care of things when the men were away in battle. They had many slaves. They controlled 35% of all land in Sparta. Some women went to the military. They would be given physical and gymnastic training including archery. Since Spartan men were not allowed to live with their wives until the age of 30 Spartan woman were allowed to walk around town and have homes of their own.A famous woman in Sparta was Queen Gorgo. She was famous for being a good leader and decoding the warning that the Persians were coming. Horrible Histories Wife Swap!

21. The Spartan Warrior Training: Spartan warriors were taken from their families at the age of seven. They were trained to be tough and brave. Training was very hard and many kids died in training. Young Spartan men often had welts on their backs from being whipped. SpartanTrainingTestArmour and weapons: The Spartan warrior wore a bronze helmet with a horsehair plume going either forward or sideways to show rank. They used large round wooden shields with a layer of bronze on the outside to protect themselves. The warriors also wore a bronze chest plate and leather grieves. The Spartans fought with long spears and 3-foot swords for close combat. The Spartans wore a crimson cloak to hide their enemies’ blood.Fighting style: the Spartans fought in a phalanx formation. The men would line up and put their shields in front of them. They would then use their long spears to stab enemies from a safe distance. They only used their swords if the phalanx broke.

22. ATHENS Learn more about Athens • Athena god of wisdom • We welcome writers • We welcome visitors • We like books and free speech • Our boys go to school • We trade with everyone • The sea is important to us • Our women must not be seen outside the house on their own • We allow every citizen to discuss new laws and vote on them and we call it democracy SPARTA Learn more about Sparta • Ares god of war and Artemis god of the hunt • No writers here • We throw out visitors • No reading here • Our boys train to be soldiers • Our women train to be soldiers and are fit • Our women can walk in the streets and own their own homes • Women are expected to have healthy babies • We do not allow trade • We control the states around us to protect us • We have strict rules and expect then to be followed and our kings make our decisions

23. Role Play – you are trying to persuade the great oracle to join your city state Success Criteria • Read your character cards • Practise how your character would walk and talk • Decide on four sentences to persuade the great oracle to join you in your polis

24. Character Cards • Spartan wife – learns how to fight, has to give up children when they are only 7 years old • Young unmarried Spartan lady – free to go out and own their own homes • Young Spartan boy – no schooling, taken from home aged 7 to train as a soldier • Spartan soldier - tough, brave and well trained • Spartan King - totally in charge of his people making all the decisions for Sparta • Helot – Spartan slave needed for farming and ‘hard work’ because men all training to be soldiers • Ares – God of War • Artemis – Goddess of the Hunt and the Moon • Athenian wife – may have been educated as a young girl but only in the home – expected to keep house • Young unmarried Athenian lady – restricted to home, may be taught to read • Athenian boy – well educated, choice of careers including becoming artists, politicians or soldiers • Hoplite – trained Athenian soldier • Aristotle – Greek philosopher and great scientist • Athena – Goddess of Wisdom • Athens men – could be a poet, artist, thinker, soldier, writer anything they want – only had to serve for 2 years in the army

25. Decision Alley – Should I, the Great Oracle, live in Sparta or Athens? • For living in Athens • For living in Sparta

26. How can we make the bad things positive? • Mother’s have to leave sickly babies to die • Sons are taken away at the age of 7 • Athenian girls are not allowed to vote • Athenian women can not go to the theatre

27. Persuasive Letter Writing Do you want to be part of the very best polis in the Ancient Greece? Yes? Well then you must be part of … … is the most beautiful, welcoming and truly incredible place to live. If you think you are the great Greek guru then … is the place for you. One main reason to join … is that the women… Persuasive Features • Rhetorical question • Exaggeration • Rule of three • Repetition • Personal pronouns • Alliteration

28. Sparta v Athens Word/Phrase Bank • Trained to be tough and brave • Hose hair plume • Large round wooden shields layered with bronze • Bronze chest plate and bronze grieves • Crimson cloaks • Cheat, lie and steal for food • Strive to be as militaristic as Ares God of War dominated power strength

29. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/athens/http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/athens/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/sparta/

30. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/24040-the-ancient-world-spartan-warriors-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/24040-the-ancient-world-spartan-warriors-video.htm