1 / 20

Lesson 9: The Government of Palestine (cont.)

Lesson 9: The Government of Palestine (cont.). From Wayne Jackson’s book. The Roman Caesars. Augustus (31 B.C. – 14 A.D.) Tiberius (14-37 A.D.) Caligula (37-41 A.D.) Claudius (41-54 A.D.) Nero (54-68 A.D.) Galba, Otho & Vitellius (68-69 A.D.) Vespasian (69-79 A.D.)

atara
Download Presentation

Lesson 9: The Government of Palestine (cont.)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Lesson 9: The Government of Palestine (cont.) From Wayne Jackson’s book

  2. The Roman Caesars • Augustus (31 B.C. – 14 A.D.) • Tiberius (14-37 A.D.) • Caligula (37-41 A.D.) • Claudius (41-54 A.D.) • Nero (54-68 A.D.) • Galba, Otho & Vitellius (68-69 A.D.) • Vespasian (69-79 A.D.) • Titus (79-81 A.D.) • Domitian (81-96 A.D.)

  3. The Roman/JewishConnection • Herod the Great (37-4 B.C.) • Ruled over Idumea, Samaria, Galilee and Judah • Slaughtered the infants trying to murder baby Jesus • Herod had four key sons: • Archelaus—tetrarch of Judea (including Samaria & Idumea) • Antipas—tetrarch of Galilee & Perea • Philip—tetrarch of Trachonitus & adjacent regions • Aristobulus was a 4th son, but he did not receive any land • He is important because he was the father of Herod Agrippa I

  4. The Roman/JewishConnection Slaughtered infants

  5. The Roman/JewishConnection • Archelaus (4 B.C. – 6 A.D.) • Reigned over Judea, Samaria & Idumea • His administration was cruel & inept • After being removed from office, his territory was subsequently made subject to procurators (6-41 A.D.)—one of whom was Pontius Pilate • Archelaus is mentioned only in Matthew 2:22 • After their return from Egypt, Joseph and Mary, due to their fear of this ruler, together with the angelic warning, settled in Galilee.

  6. The Roman/JewishConnection Slaughtered infants Joseph & Mary feared

  7. The Roman/JewishConnection • Herod Antipas (4 B.C. – 39 A.D.) • Tetrarch of Galilee, built capital Tiberias on Sea of Galilee • Married his niece, Herodias, who deserted her husband • Condemned by John the Baptist (Matt. 14:4-12) • When Antipas heard rumors that Jesus was John “risen from the dead,” he sought to see the Lord (Luke 9:7-9) • Christ once called him a “fox” (Luke 13:31-32) • Christ warned of his evil influence (Mark 8:15) • During His trial before Pilate, Jesus was sent to Herod, who was in Jerusalem at the time (Luke 23:7-15)

  8. The Roman/JewishConnection Slaughtered infants Joseph & Mary feared Beheaded John & tried Jesus

  9. The Roman/JewishConnection • Herod Philip (4 B.C. – 34 A.D.) • Philip (not the former husband of Herodias) is mentioned only in Luke 3:1 • He ruled in NE Palestine until his death in 34 A.D. • He rebuilt the city of Caesarea-Philippi at the base of Mt. Hermon, and Bethsaida-Julias on the Sea of Galilee • He was the best of the Herods and it was into his territory that Jesus went when Pharisaic hatred became so intense

  10. The Roman/JewishConnection Slaughtered infants Joseph & Mary feared Beheaded John & tried Jesus Luke 3:1 North of Galilee

  11. The Roman/JewishConnection • Agrippa I (37-44 A.D.) • Grandson of Herod the Great (and son of Aristobulus) • In 37 A.D., he received territories previously held by his uncle, Philip the tetrarch (cf. Luke 3:1) • In 39 A.D., he acquired Galilee & Perea from his uncle, Antipas • In 41 A.D., he became king of Judea, Samaria and Idumea from his uncle Archelaus • Lived in Jerusalem until his agonizing death in 44 A.D. • Which was an act of God (cf. Acts 12:21-23) • Persecuted Christians • Killed James, the brother of John, with the sword (Acts 12:1-2) • Cast Peter into prison (Acts 12:3-19) • Three of his children are mentioned in the NT • Agrippa II and Bernice (Acts 25:23) • Drusilla, who married Felix (Acts 24:24)

  12. The Roman/JewishConnection Slaughtered infants Killed James Worms ate him Joseph & Mary feared Beheaded John & tried Jesus Luke 3:1 North of Galilee

  13. The Roman/JewishConnection • Agrippa II (48-70 A.D.) • Only 17 years old when his father died, so authorities in Rome felt it best that he not succeed his father • Eventually, he was given a small realm, Chalcis, in the Anti-Lebanon mountains • Later was added the tetrachy of Philip and certain Galilean and Perean cities • Agrippa II is the one who said to Paul, “almost you persuade me to become a Christian” (Acts 26:28) • After the death of Agrippa I, most of Palestine returned to the rule of procurators

  14. The Roman/JewishConnection Slaughtered infants Killed James Worms ate him Joseph & Mary feared Beheaded John & tried Jesus Luke 3:1 North of Galilee “almost persuaded” “lived” with her brother Felix’s wife, “convenient”

  15. The Roman/JewishConnection • The Procurators • After the death of Archelaus in 6 A.D., Judea was governed by procurators appointed directly by Rome • Continued until the late 30s-early 40s A.D. • Headquarters in Caesarea • Procurator had three principal responsibilities: • Financial – Collect taxes for Rome • Military – Command the military forces of the province, in order to keep peace (handle the “little things”) • Judicial – Act as judge in important judicial cases • These judicial cases were almost entirely matters that involved possible capital punishment • Minor cases were left to the jurisdiction of local courts (ex. The Sanhedrin)

  16. The Roman/JewishConnection • Pontius Pilate • The procurator that mainly concerns the NT is Pilate, who, appointed by Tiberias, served as governor of Judea, Samaria and Idumea for 10 years (c. 26-36 A.D.) • Pilate was continually offending the Jews • He brought imperial ensigns into Jerusalem • He took sacred money from the Temple to finance an aqueduct for a water supply into Jerusalem • Though he lived in Caesarea, he came to Jerusalem during festive seasons—no doubt to keep the Jews under control (cf. Luke 13:1)

  17. The Roman/JewishConnection • Pontius Pilate • Most remembered for his cowardly conduct during the trial of Jesus • The illegally-convened night council determined that Christ must be put to death • In order to gain Roman approval, the Jews bound the Lord and sent Him to Pilate (Matt. 27:1-2) • The governor could find no fault with Christ • He thrice declared Him innocent (cf. John 18:38; 19:4, 6) • He ignored the advice of his wife (Matt. 27:19) • Fearfully delivered Jesus to be crucified (cf. John 19:8, 12) • Because of his on-going political blunders, Pilate was summoned to Rome in 36 or 37 A.D.

  18. The Roman/JewishConnection • Felix • Felix was a former slave of the household of Claudius • He was appointed procurator of Judea in 52 A.D. • One of his marriages was to Drusilla, daughter of Agrippa I, who had forsaken her husband to be his third wife • After the riot in Jerusalem in Acts 21:27ff, Paul was taken under guard to Caesarea where he made a defense before Felix (Acts 24:10ff) • Some days later, Paul reasoned of righteousness, self-control and the coming judgment before Felix and Drusilla (Acts 24:24ff) • Though Felix treated Paul kindly (cf. Acts 24:23), he nonetheless kept him imprisoned, hoping that the apostle would eventually bribe his way to freedom (Acts 24:26)

  19. The Roman/JewishConnection • Festus • Appointed by Nero to succeed Felix in 60 A.D. • Attempting to dispose of Paul’s case, Festus asked the apostle if he would be willing to return to Jerusalem to face his accusers • Paul, making use of the privileges of his Roman citizenship, declined, appealing his case to Caesar’s “supreme court” (Acts 25:6-12) • It was during this time that Agrippa II and his sister Bernice (with whom he was living in a reputedly scandalous relationship) arrived at Caesarea • Paul’s brilliant defense is recorded in Acts 26 • His case was so impressive that Agrippa conceded that had not Paul already appealed to Caesar, he might well have been set free

  20. The Roman/JewishConnection • Jewish revolution against Rome broke out in 66 A.D. • Vespasian was sent to put down the revolt • Upon the death of Nero (68 A.D.), Vespasian returned to Rome (he was proclaimed emperor), and dispatched his son Titus to finish the campaign against the Jews • After a horrible 5-month siege (cf. Matt. 24:21-22), Jerusalem fell. • Multiplied tens of thousands were slain or sold into slavery • With this calamity, the national identity of Judaism came to an end • The Sanhedrin and the Temple ceremonies were forever abolished • Judaism, religiously and politically, was buried

More Related