Messianic Psalms

Messianic Psalms • What do we mean by “Messianic”? • Just being quoted in the NT? EPHESIANS 4:26 Be ye angry, and sin not: Let not the sun go down upon your wrath

Messianic Psalms • What do we mean by “Messianic”? • Just being quoted in the NT? Septuagint (LXX) EPHESIANS 4:26 ὀργίζεσθε καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε· ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ τῷ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν PSALM 4:5 ὀργίζεσθε καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε· λέγετε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς κοίταις ὑμῶν κατανύγητε. διάψαλμα. PSALM 4:5 ὀργίζεσθε καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε· λέγετε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς κοίταις ὑμῶν κατανύγητε. διάψαλμα.

Messianic Psalms • What do we mean by “Messianic”? • Just being quoted in the NT? • Does it have to be quoted to be Messianic? PSALM 17:13-15 Arise, O Lord! Confront him, subdue him!Deliver my soul from the wicked by your sword,from men by your hand, O Lord,from men of the world whose portion is in this life. You fill their womb with treasure; they are satisfied with children,and they leave their abundance to their infants. As for me, I shall behold your face in righteousness;when I awake, I shall be satisfied with your likeness.

Messianic Psalms • What do we mean by “Messianic”? • Just being quoted in the NT? • Does it have to be quoted to be Messianic? PSALM 18:7-15 He bowed the heavens and came down;thick darkness was under his feet.He rode on a cherub and flew;he came swiftly on the wings of the wind.He made darkness his covering, his canopy around him,thick clouds dark with water.Out of the brightness before himhailstones and coals of fire broke through his clouds.

Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic • Messianic Psalms in Historical Context • NT Adaptations of Psalms • Simply the Messiah • in the 1st Person

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context David’s Sin with Bathsheba and the aftermath, especially Absalom’s attempt to take the throne

“The sword shall never depart from your house.” • Bathsheba’s son • Tamar, Amnon • Absalom • Adonijah • FOURFOLD? DAVID HAD SAID… "He must make restitution for the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing and had no compassion.” "Thus says the LORD, 'Behold, I will raise up evil against you from your own household; I will even take your wives before your eyes and give them to your companion, and he will lie with your wives in broad daylight. Indeed you did it secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and under the sun.'“

DAVID ABSALOM AHITHOPHEL HUSHAI (as a spy) David’s 30 Mighty Men 2 Samuel 23 23:34 Eliam (son of Ahithophel the Gilonite) 23:39Uriah the Hittite (whose wife Bathsheba, was the daughter of Eliam) David’s 30 Mighty Men 2 Samuel 23 Ahithophel the Gilonite Uriah the HittiteEliam Bathsheba ………….married…………

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words,while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me.

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words,while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. 2 Sam. 16:11 “Leave him alone, and let him curse, for the Lord has told him to.”

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words,while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. 2 Sam. 17:2b-3(NAS) “Then I will strike down the king alone, and I will bring back all the people to you. The return of everyone depends on the man you seek; then all the people will be at peace.”

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words (NAS:“speaks falsehood”),while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. Perhaps… 2 Sam. 15:3-4 Absalom would say to him, “See, your claims are good and right, but there is no man designated by the king to hear you.” Then Absalom would say, “Oh that I were judge in the land! Then every man with a dispute or cause might come to me, and I would give him justice.”

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words(NAS:“speaks falsehood”),while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. But more likely… 2 Sam. 15:7-8 Absalom:“Please let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed to the Lord, in Hebron. For your servant vowed a vow while I lived at Geshur in Aram, saying, ‘If the Lord will indeed bring me back to Jerusalem, then I will offer worship to the Lord.’”

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words (NAS: “speaks falsehood”),while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. But more likely… 2 Sam. 15:10 But Absalom sent secret messengers throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, “As soon as you hear the sound of the trumpet, then say, ‘Absalom is king at Hebron!’”

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words (NAS: “speaks falsehood”),while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me.

Psalm 41 As for me, I said, “O Lord, be gracious to me;heal me, for I have sinned against you!”My enemies say of me in malice,“When will he die, and his name perish?”And when one comes to see me, he utters empty words (NAS: “speaks falsehood”),while his heart gathers iniquity;when he goes out, he tells it abroad.All who hate me whisper together about me;they imagine the worst for me. They say, “A deadly thing is poured out on him;he will not rise again from where he lies.”Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. 2 Sam. 15:23 Now in those days the counsel that Ahithophel gave was as if one consulted the word of God; so was all the counsel of Ahithophel esteemed, both by David and by Absalom.

Psalm 41:9 Even my close friend in whom I trusted,who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me. Quoted by Jesus referring to Judas, who killed himself, as did Ahithophel. David had trusted Ahithophel Jesus entrusted Judas with the bag

PSALM 22 1 My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? 6 But I am a worm and not a man,scorned by mankind and despised by the people.7 All who see me mock me;they make mouths at me; they wag their heads;8 “He trusts in the Lord; let him deliver him;let him rescue him, for he delights in him!” 16 …they have pierced my hands and feet 18 They divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots MATTHEW 27 35 And when they had crucified him, they divided his garments among them by casting lots. 39 And those who passed by derided him, wagging their heads 41 So also the chief priests, with the scribes and elders, mocked him, saying, 42 “He saved others; he cannot save himself. He is the King of Israel; let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him. 43 He trusts in God; let God deliver him now, if he desires him. For he said, ‘I am the Son of God.’” 46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, “Eli, Eli, lemasabachthani?” that is, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” e.g.,Shimei John 19:23-24 When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his garments and divided them into four parts, one part for each soldier; also his tunic. But the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom, so they said to one another, “Let us not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it shall be.” This was to fulfill the Scripture which says, “They divided my garments among them,and for my clothing they cast lots.”

Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846. John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960. The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters. Both wives lost their children while living in the White House. Both Presidents were shot on a Friday. Both were shot in the head. Lincoln's secretary, Kennedy, warned him not to go to the theatre.* Kennedy's secretary, Lincoln, warned him not to go to Dallas. Both were assassinated by Southerners. Both were succeeded by Southerners. Both successors were named Johnson. Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808. Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908. John Wilkes Booth was born in 1839.* Lee Harvey Oswald was born in 1939. Both names are comprised of fifteen letters Booth ran from the theater and was caught in a warehouse. Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theater. Booth and Oswald were assassinated before their trials.

What if 1900 ? Lincoln 1860 Kennedy 1960 40 yrs 60 yrs David Ezekiel Christ 400 yrs 600 yrs

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context Psalm 18:49 For this I will praise you, O Lord, among the nations,and sing to your name. Romans 15:9b As it is written, “Therefore I will praise you among the Gentiles,and sing to your name.”

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context Psalm 18, a Psalm of Deliverance To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David, the servant of the Lord, who addressed the words of this song to the Lord on the day when the Lord rescued him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul. He said: I love you, O Lord, my strength. The Lord is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer,my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge,my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context Psalm 18, a Psalm of Deliverance To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David, the servant of the Lord, who addressed the words of this song to the Lord on the day when the Lord rescued him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul. He said: I love you, O Lord, my strength. The Lord is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer,my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge,my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. 1 Samuel 23:28b-29 Therefore that place was called the Rock of Escape. And David went up from there and lived in the strongholds of Engedi.

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context Psalm 18 To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David, the servant of the Lord, who addressed the words of this song to the Lord on the day when the Lord rescued him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul. He said: I love you, O Lord, my strength. The Lord is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer,my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge,my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. 2 Samuel 22:1-3a And David spoke to the Lord the words of this song on the day when the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul. He said, The Lord is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer,my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge,my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and...”

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context PSALM 8 When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him? When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers,the moon and the stars, which you have set in place,what is man that you are mindful of him,and the son of man that you care for him?

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context PSALM 8 compare… Job 25:6 how much less man, who is a maggot,and the son of man, who is a worm!” Isaiah 51:12 who are you that you are afraid of man who dies,of the son of man who is made like grass Isaiah 56:2 Blessed is the man who does this,and the son of man who holds it fast

Messianic Psalms in Historical Context PSALM 8 compare… Numbers 23:19 God is not man, that he should lie,or a son of man, that he should change his mind. Job 35:8 Your wickedness concerns a man like yourself,and your righteousness a son of man. Psalm 80:17 But let your hand be on the man of your right hand,the son of man whom you have made strong for yourself! Jeremiah 49:18 no man shall dwell there, no [son of] man shall sojourn in her. Jeremiah 50:40 so no man shall dwell there, and no son of man shall sojourn in her. Jeremiah 51:43 a land in which no one dwells,and through which no son of man passes.

1 ‏לָ֭מָּה רָגְשׁ֣וּ גוֹיִ֑ם וּ֝לְאֻמִּ֗ים יֶהְגּוּ־רִֽיק׃ • ‎2 ‏יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ׀3 מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְרוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד עַל־יְ֝הוָה וְעַל־מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃ • ‎3 ‏נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑ימוֹ וְנַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽימוֹ׃ • ‎4 ‏יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י יִלְעַג־לָֽמוֹ׃ • ‎5 ‏אָ֤ז יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֵ֣ימוֹ בְאַפּ֑וֹ וּֽבַחֲרוֹנ֥וֹ יְבַהֲלֵֽמוֹ׃ • ‎6 ‏וַ֭אֲנִי נָסַ֣כְתִּי מַלְכִּ֑י עַל־צִ֝יּ֗וֹן הַר־קָדְשִֽׁי׃ • ‎7 ‏אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה אֶֽ֫ל3 חֹ֥ק יְֽהוָ֗ה אָמַ֘ר אֵלַ֥י בְּנִ֥י אַ֑תָּה אֲ֝נִ֗י הַיּ֥וֹם יְלִדְתִּֽיךָ׃ • ‎8 ‏שְׁאַ֤ל מִמֶּ֗נִּי וְאֶתְּנָ֣ה ג֭וֹיִם נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וַ֝אֲחֻזָּתְךָ֗ אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃ • ‎9 ‏תְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם׃ • ‎10 ‏וְ֭עַתָּה מְלָכִ֣ים הַשְׂכִּ֑ילוּ הִ֝וָּסְר֗וּ שֹׁ֣פְטֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ • ‎11 ‏עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּיִרְאָ֑ה וְ֝גִ֗ילוּ בִּרְעָדָֽה׃ • ‎12 ‏נַשְּׁקוּ־בַ֡ר פֶּן־יֶאֱנַ֤ף׀ וְתֹ֬אבְדוּ דֶ֗רֶךְ כִּֽי־יִבְעַ֣ר כִּמְעַ֣ט אַפּ֑וֹ אַ֝שְׁרֵ֗י כָּל־ח֥וֹסֵי בֽוֹ׃ • Psalm 110 • Verse 1 • The Lord says to my Lord: • “Sit at my right hand,until I make your enemies your footstool.” • Verse 4 • The Lord has swornand will not change his mind, • “You are a priest foreverafter the order of Melchizedek.” • Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic • “What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” • They said to him, “The son of David.” • He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord saying, • ‘The Lord said to my Lord,Sit at my right hand…’ ” • “What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” • They said to him, “The son of David.” • He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord saying, • ‘The Lord said to my Lord,Sit at my right hand…’ ” • “What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” • They said to him, “The son of David.” • He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord saying, • ‘The Lord said to my Lord,Sit at my right hand…’ ” • “What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” • They said to him, “The son of David.” • He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord saying, • ‘The Lord said to my Lord,Sit at my right hand…’ • If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?”

Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic Psalm 118 Verse 25a Save us, we pray, O Lord! Verse 26a Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Mt 21:9 “Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!” hwōšî‘ânnā’

Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic Psalm 118 Verse 25a Save us, we pray, O Lord! Verse 26a Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Mk 11:9-10 “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David! Hosanna in the highest!” hwōšî‘ânnā’

Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic Psalm 118 Verse 25a Save us, we pray, O Lord! Verse 26a Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Lk 19:38 “Blessed is the King who comes in the name of the Lord!” hwōšî‘ânnā’

Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic • Mt 21:15-16a • But when the chief priests and the scribes saw…the children crying out in the temple, • “Hosanna to the Son of David!” • they were indignant, and they said to him, • “Do you hear what these are saying?” Psalm 118 Verse 25a Save us, we pray, O Lord! Verse 26a Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!

Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic • Mt 21:16b • “Yes; have you never read, • ‘Out of the mouth of infants and nursing babiesyou have prepared praise’?” Psalm 118 Verse 25a Save us, we pray, O Lord! Verse 26a Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!

Psalms Recognized by Jews as Messianic Psalm 118 Verse 25a Save us, we pray, O Lord! Verse 26a Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Verses 22-23 The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone. This is the Lord's doing;it is marvelous in our eyes. • Mt 21:42 • “Have you never read in the Scriptures: • ‘The stone that the builders rejectedhas become the cornerstone; this was the Lord's doing,and it is marvelous in our eyes’?” Mt 21:45 When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard his parables, they perceived that he was speaking about them. Lk 20:19 They perceived that he had told this parable against them

NT Adaptations of Psalms

Th • NT Adaptations of Psalms 2nd person 3rd person

Th • NT Adaptations of Psalms • Paul’s point requires “gave” • Contextually, “gave” could be implied in Ps. 68 • Still, the wording Paul needs isn’t the wording of the verse he quotes. Ps. 68:12 “The kings of the armies—they flee, they flee!”The women at home divide the spoil—

Th • NT Adaptations of Psalms THE RELEVANCE OF PSALM 68 • Psalm 68 pictures God… • as vanquishing enemies (68:1-2, 11-14) • as ascending to a place of honor (68:15-18) • and as beneficent toward his subjects (68:5-6) Ps. 68:1-2 God shall arise, his enemies shall be scattered;and those who hate him shall flee before him!As smoke is driven away, so you shall drive them away;as wax melts before fire,so the wicked shall perish before God! Ps. 68:18 You ascended on high,leading a host of captives in your trainand receiving gifts among men, even among the rebellious, that the Lord God may dwell there. Ps. 68:16-18 the mount that God desired for his abode,yes, where the Lord will dwell forever?... You ascended on high,leading a host of captives in your train Ps. 68:5-6 Father of the fatherless and protector of widows… God settles the solitary in a home • Paul pictures Christ as having… • vanquished his enemies • ascended to a place of honor • and as beneficent toward his subjects.

Th • NT Adaptations of Psalms PAUL’S PURPOSE • To prove the inspiration of the OT? • To validate Paul’s point? • Rather to make his point using language worthy of the Exalted Lord and appropriate to his theme

NT Adaptations of Psalms M HQELHSAS SWMA • POSSIBILITIES: • Hebrews writer altered Heb. text (MSS א, A, B assimilated to Hebrews?) • Hebrews writer quoted LXX reading found in MSS א, A, B (was original?)

Messianic Psalms