Bellringer April 8, 2011

1. Bellringer April 8, 2011 Take out your homework and put it in the correct place on the counter Take out your Chapter 8 Notes Guide Put your materials in/under your desk

2. Chapter 8, Section 4: The early empire

3. Objectives • Today you are learning: • How by expanding the empire and reorganizing the military and government, Augustus created a new era of prosperity • How advancements in Rome made the empire rich and prosperous

4. The Emperor Augustus • *Pax Romana – a long era of peace that began with Augustus and lasted until A. D. 180 • *“Roman Peace”

5. What did Augustus achieve? *Permanent, professional army of about 150,000 men to provide security. *Praetorian Guard – special unit of about 9,000 men in charge of guarding the emperor.

6. What did Augustus achieve? *Rebuilt Rome – with stately palaces, fountains, and public buildings *Imported grain from Africa to feed the poor

7. What did Augustus achieve? • *Proconsul – governor to rule a province of Rome • *Replaced the politicians appointed by the Senate • *Tax reform – stopped corruption of dishonest tax collectors by making tax collectors permanent gov’t workers • *Legal system – created laws for noncitizens in provinces

8. Who came after Augustus? • *Tiberius – trained relative of Augustus • *Great military leader • *Regulated business to prevent fraud • *Kept economy stable • *Caligula – Mental illness caused him to act strangely/treat people cruelly • *Abolished sales tax • *Allowed those in exile to return • Increase court system’s power • *Wasted $ • *Gave horse position of consul

9. Who came after Augustus? • *Nero – vicious man • *Had mother/2 wives killed • Constructed building • *Gave rights to slaves • *Assisted cities suffering from disaster

10. Unity and prosperity *Vaspasian – general, one of Nero’s proconsuls. Restored order/peace *Colosseum – a huge amphitheater in the center of Rome

12. Unity and prosperity • *Titus – son of Vespasian. • *Defeated Jews/destroyed Jewish temple in A.D. 70 • *Mt. Vesuvius erupted –Pompeii destroyed • *Great fire damaged Rome • *Domitian – son of Vespasian, ruled with his brother • Both oversaw an era of growth and prosperity

13. “bench” judge ruled from Pompeii Mount Vesuvius Erupted 79 CE Different colors on the columns in dif. Positions identified what businesses were located where Chariot wheel grooves

15. The “Good Emperors” • *The 5 “good emperors” –Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius • *(like a Golden Age) – Agriculture flourished, trade increased, standard of living rose • Did not abuse their power • Among the most devoted & capable rulers • *Trajan – gave $ to help poor parents raise and educate children

16. The “Good Emperors” *Hadrian –made Roman law easier to understand and apply *Antoninus Pius – passed laws to help orphans *Aqueduct – human-made channel for carrying water long distances

17. Unified Empire • *Trajan – empire reached its largest size under him • *Hadrian- realized the empire had grown too big to rule effectively • Pulled troops from Mesopotamia • Set northern boundaries at the Rhine and Danube Rivers • Built wall across northern Britain to keep out enemies • *A.D. 212 – every free person made a Roman citizen

18. Booming Empire • *Agriculture – most important part of the economy • *Industry – potters, weavers, and jewelers produced goods • Cities became centers for making glass, bronze, and brass • *Puteoli and Ostia – Two largest port cities • *Puteoli – on the Bay of Naples • *Ostia – at the mouth of the Tiber River

19. Roads and money *Roads – 50,000 miles in length *Roman navy – helped rid the Mediterranean of pirates *Currency – system of money *Improvements in trade –created a standard system of weights and measures to ease pricing goods/shipping products