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Workshop: Emissies schatten vanuit de ruimte

Workshop: Emissies schatten vanuit de ruimte. Bas Mijling , Ronald van der A. Emissiesymposium Lucht ● 17 juni 2014 ● Utrecht . Overzicht. Meten van luchtvervuling uit de ruimte Van concentraties naar emissies NO x emissies in China en Zuid Afrika Andere emissies

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Workshop: Emissies schatten vanuit de ruimte

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  1. Workshop: Emissiesschattenvanuit de ruimte Bas Mijling, Ronald van der A EmissiesymposiumLucht● 17 juni2014 ● Utrecht

  2. Overzicht • Meten van luchtvervulinguit de ruimte • Van concentratiesnaaremissies • NOxemissies in China en ZuidAfrika • Andereemissies • Conclusies en vooruitblik

  3. Measuring air pollutionfrom space

  4. Atmospheric Composition (N2) (O2) (Ar) - Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Ozone (O3) - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) - ...

  5. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) EOS Aura satellite

  6. Sun-synchronous Orbit • 700-800 km altitude • Always same orientations towards sun:rotates eastward about 1 degree each day. • Each orbit experiences about 30 minutes darkness and 72 minutes sunlight • OMI local overpass time: 13:00 • Daily global coverage

  7. Measuring trace gases from space

  8. 2.5 2.0 1.5 spectral irradiance [W/m2/nm] 1.0 0.5 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 wavelength [nm]

  9. 2.5 2.0 1.5 spectral irradiance [W/m2/nm] 1.0 0.5 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 wavelength [nm]

  10. 2.5 2.0 1.5 spectral irradiance [W/m2/nm] 1.0 0.5 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 wavelength [nm] ozone (O3) nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

  11. www.temis.nl

  12. www.temis.nl

  13. Air pollution from space

  14. Air pollution from space

  15. Beijing Shanghai Hong Kong Air pollution from space

  16. From concentrationsto emissions

  17. Basic tools NO2 retrievals from OMI and GOME2 CHIMERE 0.25 °×0.25°

  18. Chemical transport model Meteorology Emission inventory Air pollution concentrations

  19. Difference between simulation and observation... simulated by model (2008) observed from space (2008) ...mainly caused by wrong emissions

  20. ( ( ( ( How to find emissions from concentrations? wind

  21. From concentrations to emissions Properties of DECSO* Takes transport into accountenables high resolution (~2525 km2) Relatively fastenables operational emission estimation Emission updates by additionenables detection new hotspots enables relocation existing hotspots NO2 retrievals from OMI or GOME-2 CHIMERE0.25° x 0.25° *Daily Emission estimates Constrained by Satellite Observations

  22. NOx in China

  23. Beijing Shanghai Hong Kong Air pollution from space

  24. Bevolkingsdichtheid China

  25. Change in NO2 column densities over China SCIAMACHY mean tropospheric NO2 2006 2003

  26. China: Economic indicators Average annual income per capita, 1980-2008 China’s electricity production, 1980-2010 GDP per capita in the Netherlands: €30.174 (2006) China’s urbanization, 1980-2011 Number of vehicles in Beijing, 1998-2015 Source: China Statistical Yearbook, China Daily (17/2/09)

  27. Shanghai 1995 Shanghai 2010

  28. Luchtvervuiling Beijing • 17 miljoen inwoners; elk jaar 500.000 nieuwe inwoners erbij • 3.3 miljoen auto’s; elke dag 1000 nieuwe auto’s erbij • Zware industrie dicht bijde stad • Kolengestookte kachels en fornuizen

  29. Beijing smog, januari 2013

  30. Air quality measures • No construction activities • Closure or translation of polluting industry • 30% reduction coal-fired power plants • Ban high emission vehicles • Traffic system with odd/even number plate

  31. Emission results China original emissions new emissions • New power plants in Inner Mongolia • Distinct emissions along great rivers • No emissions in North Korea • Ship tracks

  32. NOx emission trends Based on GOME-2 observations from 2007-2010

  33. NOx in South Africa

  34. South Africa:Emissions characterized by few hot spots (power plants, heavy industry) Apriori emissions taken from EDGAR v4.2 • Total emissions too low • Location and strength of hot spots generally wrong

  35. low high 200 km EDGAR v4.2

  36. low high 200 km DECSO

  37. Majuba power plant

  38. Matimba power plant

  39. vanadium mine

  40. Sasol company oil from coal

  41. Biomass burning in Mozambique

  42. Other species

  43. www.globemission.eu

  44. CH2O (formaldehyde) by GOME-2

  45. NMVOC from fire emissions

  46. C5H8 (isoprene) emissions

  47. PM2.5 / PM10 emissions by MODIS

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