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Cell cycle, Mutations and cancer

Cell cycle, Mutations and cancer. It depends on the type and function of the cell and often on how much “wear-and-tear” the cell experiences. Lining of Intestine– 3 days Skin – 20 days Red Blood Cells – 4 months Brain – up to 50 years!. How long do cells live?.

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Cell cycle, Mutations and cancer

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  1. Cell cycle, Mutations and cancer

  2. It depends on the type and function of the cell and often on how much “wear-and-tear” the cell experiences. Lining of Intestine– 3 days Skin – 20 days Red Blood Cells – 4 months Brain – up to 50 years! How long do cells live?

  3. Every minute 30,000-40,000 dead skin cells fall from your body! You get a whole new layer every month! You are likely to shed some 20 kg of skin in a lifetime. Right now there are over a million dust mites, microscopic critters invisible to the naked eye, on your mattress and pillow, chomping on the dead skin cells that fell off you last night! Your skin

  4. The timing of cell division (plant or animal) is very important – too few or too many cells in a body part will lead to problems! In cells there are proteins which act like stop signs during the cell cycle in order to control division. Cell division will not proceed if The cell is low in nutrients The DNA has not replicated (doubled) The DNA is damaged Checkpoints in the cell cycle

  5. Cell Death – due to age, damage, exposure to toxic chemicals. Contents of the cell can leak out – sometimes irritating cells around them Cell Suicide – preprogrammed death “Suicide Genes” – code to make proteins that kill cells in specific situations- E.g. formation of fingers/toes in embryo

  6. Healthy tissue

  7. A change in the order of the building blocks (A, C, T, G) within genes Sometimes happen randomly More often caused by mutagens Can have minimal consequences Can result in a change in the protein that is made and lead to disease May or may not be passed onto offspring What is a mutation?

  8. Forces or substances that damage DNA X-Rays, UV rays Tar in cigarettes Pollutants (e.g. mercury) Radiation (e.g. nuclear accident in Japan) Mutagens

  9. Some mutations cause mitosis to proceed more quickly than normal and therefore divide repeatedly and uncontrollably A clump of cells forms called a tumour Tumours can take up space impeding normal function of a body part and use up nutrients Some cancerous cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis) Cancer

  10. Benign – no tendency to spread Malignant – capable of metastasizing or spreading to other parts of the body Two categories of tumour

  11. Abnormal cell divsion

  12. Surgery – removes the tumour Radiation Therapy – treatment with various types of radiation (X-Ray, Gamma Rays, Electron beams….) Chemotherapy – treatment with drugs Usually there are side effects to radiation and chemo (nausea, hair loss…..) Cancer Treatments

  13. Eat healthy, and exercise!This will prevent 35% of all cancers. Don’t smoke! (80-90% of all lung cancer deaths) Don’t tan excessively (skin cancer is the most common type of cancer – the World Health Organization now says that tanning beds are a known carcinogen More fruit and veggies, less red meat Cancer Prevention

  14. Textbook: Page 45 # 1 - 6 Homework

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