Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Science and Technology 29 February 2012

1.  Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Science and Technology 29 February 2012

2. Outline

3. What is the problem?

4. Lessons from history � a US example Energy system transformation is enabled by advances in technology, and ordinarily takes several decades. South Africa is beginning with one of the most carbon intensive systems and has little time to achieve the transformation Energy system transformation is enabled by advances in technology, and ordinarily takes several decades. South Africa is beginning with one of the most carbon intensive systems and has little time to achieve the transformation

5. Transformation - global data (1850-1982)

6. ERD&D in OECD countries

7. ERD&D funding breakdown in OECD countries

8. Peculiar factors of energy Ubiquity Numerous interests that don�t often align Scale Medupi and Kusile are 4800 MW plants (a piece) In South Africa, more than 9 million ICE vehicles Longevity Base load power infrastructure lasts from 40-100 years Average age of cars on South African roads is 12 years Incumbency Low carbon solutions will have to compete on cost against a system entrenched and subsidised over decades

9. What is the solution? Science and technology has to provide solutions Supply side Invest in R&D to resolve some of the technological constraints Leverage public procurement to ensure technology transfer Demand side End user habits lead to wasted energy: Make the grid more transparent to end users Policy has to encourage development and uptake of innovative solutions Innovative financing frameworks are necessary Certainty, coherence and transparency Government needs to position itself as an early customer of innovative solutions

11. Push and pull effects � the evidence

12. Energy R&D in SA

13. Strategic Overview Vision: a globally competitive South African energy industry that supports economic growth and ensures universal access to modern energy services without harming the environment Mission: Support, develop and coordinate technological capabilities within the South African energy sector

14. Relevant DST initiatives Some relevant guiding policies include: Ten year innovation plan for South Africa Minerals beneficiation strategy Industrial Policy Action Plan Integrated resource/energy plan (IRP/IEP) Strategic management model for managing S&T Strategic pillars: South Africa has a comparative advantage in energy-related natural resources Hundreds of billions of Rands are being spent procuring energy technologies from overseas South Africa has world leading capabilities in some niche areas

15. Strategic objectives Support R,D&I initiatives in strategic research areas to enhance our knowledge and skills base Promote multidirectional policy and institutional linkages in order to ensure commercial opportunities for local energy related S&T capabilities Promote coordination among NSI entities in energy and thus optimize resources

16. DST Anchor strategies DST-approved draft energy research, development and innovation strategy Implemented through a number of research institutes, including SANEDI, CSIR, Mintek National Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Research Development and Innovation Strategy Implemented through Hydrogen South Africa (HySA) programme

17. Implementation architecture

19. HySA Strategic Goals Develop PGM-based catalysts in South Africa: supply 25% of catalysts demand for the global fuel cell industry industry by 2020 Develop local cost competitive hydrogen infrastructure solutions Promote beneficiation, develop downstream industries from IP generated commercialisation

21. Strategic PPPs

22. Some HySA highlights to date Launch of HySA Systems by Minister Pandor, on 14 September 2010. Establishment of Clean Energy Investment DST-Anglo-Platinum (PGMD Fund) and Altergy Power Systems (Technology Partner) Establish fuel cell manufacturing know-how in partnership with a German company Designed fuel cell based back-up power systems for telecom applications: currently being constructed by a SA engineering company Development of a Hydrogen storage prototytype demonstrated on the hydrogen e-bike(Ahi fambeni!) Built a small-scale prototype battery component manufacturing line for FCV

23. HySA CoCs Human Capital Development

24. Sector Budget Support Projects Council for Scientific & Industrial Research Pilot 2-stage anaerobic digester technology innovation for integration into waste water (sewage) treatment works so as to leverage capacity of the municipal WWT plant capacity and further, provide usable deactivated sludge as fertiliser and optimise production & collection of biogas. Durban University of Technology Supporting demonstration and piloting of a hybrid technology solution for renewable energy to community/municipality serving rural community. University of Fort Hare Setting up Renewable Energy Generation Infrastructure to supply heat and electricity to agro- processing facility that beneficiates vegetable produce from emerging farmers and supply the finished product to school nutritional programme.

25. Some established and envisaged platforms

26. On transport and renewable energy Vision South Africa to be among the leading nations in providing innovative energy solutions in the transport fuels/technologies and renewable energy industries. Goals Take advantage of natural resources Diversify energy resources to include cleaner energy technologies To develop distributed energy solutions (tackling energy poverty) 2018 Objectives At least 15 % contribution energy mix from renewable technologies Maintain or exceed the 35 % contribution in liquid fuels Reduce transport sector dependency on crude products by 10 %

27. Implementation mechanism Renewable Energy Hub 3 Spokes Solar thermal (US and UP) Solar PV (NMMU and UFH) Wind 3 Research Chairs Bio-fuels late generation Bio-fuels conventional technologies Clean coal Partnerships Science councils Energy Bursary Programme

28. Solar Resource Mapping (draft framework)

29. SOLAR ENERGY Resource Mapping PURPOSE To support bulk solar energy generation through the establishment of a credible solar energy resource network Funding level (R�m): 3.5 (over 2 years) ACTIVITIES Infrastructure Requirements: Setting up of ground-based Solar Radiation monitoring Network (SAWS/ARC/University); Provisions of traceability link to the World Reference Standards (NMISA) Satellite-based Solar Radiation for validation and extrapolation (SANSA/ARC) Modelling & Forecasting tools for estimating potential solar yields (UKZN/SANSA/ARC) Web-based GIS visualisation of Solar Map CURRENT STATUS Framework Development INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES - CEM � World solar atlas (tbd)

30. Solar thermal Objective: Bulk power generation using CSP with a focus on developing thermal systems, ranging from components to plants and including hardware and software Focus: Solar thermal analysis Cooling system � dry and hybrid Thermal storage � packed bed rock Development high temp phase change materials Institutions: US and UP

31. Solar PV Objective: Reduce the cost and improve efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) by investigating alternative materials. Funding level (R�m): 1.5 Focus: Characterisation - enhance photon absorption/ photo-generated current Concentrated PV - cells replaced with optical refractor/reflector material Institutions: NMMU and UFH

32. BIOENERGY Resource Map PURPOSE Bio-energy resource quantification in order to stimulate the higher uptake and integration of a bio-energy based technologies in the South African energy mix. ACTIVITIES Atlas specification Atlas with limited capability - data gathering (new and existing), databank infrastructure, GIS analytical tools, website Fully enabled Atlas � bio-energy resource monitoring network, with data layers and complete modelling & forecasting toolset for bio-energy yields, costs and impacts. CURRENT STATUS DG approved funding support of R 2,5 million for this activity (transferred in 2 phases); Institutions: NRF-SAEON INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES - Bio-energy Atlas for Africa (tbd)

33. Second generation Bio � fuels

34. Bio-fuels Research Objective: Ligno-cellulose Bio-fuels Research Cellulolytic yeast Proprietary yeast that convert paper sludge with 85% efficiency Amylolytic yeast Industrial strain developed - convert starch to ethanol in one step Biomass to Liquid Combination of plasma (NECSA) and FT (WITS) platform Conceptual design and feasibility study Conventional bio-fuels Alternative feedstock Ethanol gel

35. Algae to energy (NMMU)

36. Algae to energy Liquefaction Currently getting 1: 0,6 (algae to oil) Analysis to be done by UCT (compare to ESKOM bunker 150 for OCGT) Coal fines binding agent Passed weathering and mechanical test (pellets) Briquettes will undergo the crush test (100kg) and burn test (2- 4 tons) Fresh water recovery capability 1sqm water recovery � 50l/day (summer) Conductivity (distilled water) and bacterial (tbd)

37. Wind Objective: Develop high efficiency turbine blade with an emphasis on low wind speed regimes Focus: Support SAWEP Permanent Magnet � rare earth free metals Small wind turbines Diagnostic tools - signal techniques

38. Renewable energy Human Capital Development

39. SANHARP Programme Objectives To position the development of human and intellectual capital for the South African nuclear sector on both local and international platforms. To promote teaching, research and innovation capacity in South African secondary and tertiary institutions in strategic areas of Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) for the nuclear sector. To facilitate the development of nuclear skills through skills transfer programmes, collaboration and cooperation as an element of acquiring technology from local and international institutions. To develop a critical research and skills base to support the South African nuclear sector. To promote and ensure comprehensive public awareness and understanding of nuclear-related issues.

40. SANHARP Statistics for 2011 Support amount: R15 000 000.00 School Bursaries: R570 000.00 Undergraduate: R5 576 000.00 Postgraduate: R4 228 000.00 Operation Costs: R4 626 000.00 223 supported 101 School Learners 122 Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students

41. SANHARP Bursary Students

42. SANHARP PhD Students

43. Bursary Amounts

44. Learners per Province

45. Energy efficiency Statistics for 2011 Support amount: R3 000 000 54 supported(38 MEng, 13 PhD, and 3 partially supported Post-Docs) 9 females (17%), 23 whites (43%), 26 blacks (48%), 5 Asians (9%) 60 journal paper publications, conference presentations and technical reports

46. Energy efficiency for 2011 Cont.

47. Some conclusions Policy alignment, coordination and implementation capacity are crucial to effectively address the energy grand challenge Numerous opportunities exist for South Africa to advance its socio-economic policy in addressing the energy grand challenge South Africa can leverage ongoing and planned energy technology procurement programmes to build its science and technology system and related industrial capabilities Significant local and global markets exist for innovative energy technology solutions that can emerge from South Africa The DST is developing some of the strategic initiatives required to attain a critical mass of technological capabilities to ensure successful achievement of the country�s socio-economic policy objectives With aligned and coherent related policy, the threat of a runaway energy technology balance of payments can thus be mitigated

49. Table with some DST-supported initiatives

50. Cont