Reproduction and Heredity

1. Reproduction and Heredity

2. Reproduction Reproductive glands • Ovaries – Females • Testes – Males • Controlled by the pituitary gland/ hypothalamus. • Repro. Glands work at low levels in boys and girls until around the age of ten.

4. EQ (8-2) • What are the structures and functions of the male reproductive system? • DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.

5. Male Reproductive System • Puberty- a period of sexual development during which males and females become sexually mature and able to produce children. Structure and Function • The male reproductive system is made up of both internal and external organs.

6. Males • Testes produce male sex hormones (testosterone). • Testosterone helps control the production of sperm, the male sex cells. • Testosterone is also responsible for deepening voice and growth of body hair.

7. Testes Two major functions: 1. Production of male hormone (testosterone). 2. Production of sperm. • The testes hang outside the body within a sac called the scrotum. • Scrotum protects the sperm by keeping the temperature of the testes slightly lower than the normal body temperature.

8. Epididymis • Sperm form in the testes and then move to the epididymis. • is a J-shaped tube located on the back of each testis. • the sperm mature and gain the ability to move. • Sperm are stored for several weeks.

9. Penis • The external sexual organ through which sperm leave the body. • The tip of the penis is covered with loose skin called the foreskin. • Circumcision - the surgical procedure in which the foreskin is removed shortly after birth.

10. Other Glands and Ducts • Vas deferens - (2) 18 inch tubes that receives sperm from the epididymis. • Urethra - a tube that passes through the penis to the outside of the body (carries urine and sperm).

11. Produce fluids that combine with sperm: • Seminal vesicles - (2) located near the bladder. • Cowper’s glands- (2) located near the base of the penis. • Prostate Gland - near the bladder at the midline of the body. • Sperm mixes with the fluids from these glands to form a liquid known as semen.

12. Sperm Production • Once a male reaches puberty, millions of sperm are produced in his body each day. Ejaculation- the ejection of semen from the penis

13. An erection is a condition in which the penis becomes larger and stiffer • An erection does not have to result in ejaculation.

14. Nocturnal emission- “wet dream”, an erection and ejaculation during sleep.

15. Keeping The Reproductive System Healthy • It is important to thoroughly clean the external organs. • Protection (males should wear protector/supporter and avoid tight clothing).

16. EQ (8-3) • What are the structures and function of the female reproductive system? • DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.

17. 5-5-09 • BR: What are two structures and functions of the male reproductive system?

18. The Female Reproductive System • The female repro. System is made up of both external and internal structures. • The internal organs provide the environment in which a fertilized egg can develop into a baby.

19. Ovaries • Located a few inches below the waist, one on each side of the body. • Size of an almond. • Release estrogen & progesterone and mature eggs. • Born with eggs.

20. Ovaries continued… • Eggs mature at puberty. • Once puberty begins, ovaries usually release one ripened egg every month in a process called ovulation. • The egg released is the size of a grain of sand.

21. Fallopian Tubes • Two small tubes carry the egg from the ovaries. • The fingerlike ends draw the egg into the opening. • If sperm are present in the fallopian tubes,the egg may be fertilized. • Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes.

22. Uterus • Each of the fallopian tubes leads into the uterus. • Uterus- a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located between the two ovaries and behind the bladder. • Fertilized egg will develop and grow into a baby while in the uterus. • Cervix- the narrow base of the uterus. When baby is ready, cervix will expand.

23. Vagina • Vagina (birth canal) is a hollow, muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the body. • Sperm enter the female’s body through the vagina. • During childbirth, the baby passes out of the body through the vagina. • Very elastic walls.

24. EQ (8-3) • How does the female menstrual cycle work? • DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.

25. 5-6-09 • BR: Name two structures & functions of the female reproductive system. • Lesson 2/3 worksheet • Lesson 3 notes • Female Diagram- Use the key provided • FRS article/questions

26. The Menstrual Cycle • Females usually release one mature egg cell each month. • process which egg matures and is released and uterus prepares to receive it is known as the menstrual cycle.

27. EQ (8-3) • What are three disorders and treatments of the female reproductive system? • DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.

28. Disorders • Vaginitis – vaginal infection or irritation • thick discharge, odors, vaginal itching, burning while urinating • Endometriosis – tissue from the lining of the uterus grown outside the uterus, in the pelvic cavity • can cause sterility

29. Toxic Shock Syndrome - Bacterial infection • symptoms include high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness. • Sterility • Cysts and Cancer • Ovarian cysts is a growth on the inside of an ovary.

30. Pap Test –a sample of cells is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope for signs of cancer.

31. Keeping the Reproductive System Healthy • Cleanliness is always important. • Monthly Breast Exam • Mammogram- an x-ray of the breast, detects breast cancer early. • Yearly check-up