It’s the Singer ,not the Song… How to give a more effective presentation

1. It’s the Singer ,not the Song…How to give a more effective presentation J.S. Keystone MD Tropical Disease Unit Toronto General Hospital Professor of Medicine University of Toronto

2. I hate Objectives At the end of this talk , you will: • Know the 5 key elements and structure of a of a lecture • Be able to improve AV presentations • Understand why learning breaks are crucial • Hopefully still be awake…

3. Outline of this very talk • Major elements of teaching • Organization of a lecture • Slide preparation • The learning environment • Learning breaks • “The” secret to success: slide 106

4. Major Elements of Teaching • Engaging the learner • Clarity of expression • Mastery of the subject

5. Motivation FeedbackFramework Intermission Information

6. Motivation • enthusiasm • curiosity • relevance

7. Enthusiasm • Make eye contact • Change the ‘volume’ for emphasis • Pause before, or repeat an important point • And, if all else fails … …pretend that you are interested in the subject

8. Relevance • who is my audience? • what do they need to know? • what would interest them?

9. Motivation Feedback Framework Intermission Information

10. Framework • Tell them what you want to say • Say it . . . • Tell them again !

11. Framework • Objectives • Lecture outline • Organized, logical • Thesis development • Summary

12. “Education is not the filling of a pail ,but the lighting of a fire” W.B.Yates 1865-1939

13. Motivation Feedback Framework Intermission Information

14. Information location : importance of ‘ends’ summary/‘take home’ volume : “comprehensive” is bad! Methods: audiovisuals interactive vs. passive

15. Slide preparation: data • distill the data • avoid absolute numbers if % will do • summarize results in the title • reference the data

16. Conversion of Pyruvate to Citrate

17. Vaccine-preventable Illness per 100,000 Travellers ETEC (TD) 20,000 Influenza 5,000 Hepatitis A 1,000 Hepatitis B 100 Typhoid 30 Cholera 0.2

18. Vaccine-preventable illness per 100,000 Travellers No.. Steffen, J.Wilderness Med: 1994;5;56 ETEC FLU HAV HBV TYPH CH

19. WHO/CDS 1200 1000 Cases 80 Deaths Countries 800 70 60 600 6000 50 5000 40 400 4000 30 3000 20 200 2000 10 [in 1000s] 1000 1980 1995 1990 1985 1970 1975 Burden of Dengue/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever World-wide (1968 - 1998) Reports to WHO cases Year

20. BMJ 2004;329:1212 BMJ2004;329:1212 N=4,450 slides in 10 hospitals 40% false positive blood films

21. Data Presentation • Data should be legible • Graphs are often better than tables • Scaffolding works well • Add data gradually

22. Slide preparation: prose • Death from boredom: read every word written on your slides , or… • use phrases, not sentences • < 8 lines/slide • Arial font is good and clean

23. The rule of 5’s 5 words across X 5 sentences down

24. 5 problems with this slide! AMEBIASIS CLINICALPRESENTATIONS 1.LIVER ABSCESS 2.LUNG ABSCESS 3.BRAIN ABSCESS 4.AMEBOMA

25. Amebiasis clinical presentation • Liver abscess • Lung abscess • Brain abscess • Ameboma

26. Don’t forget to bold the text on your slides

27. Slide preparation: prose • largest font possible • use lower case only • three colours MAX • contrast is critical • no distracting “do-dads”

28. Slide preparation: prose • largest font possible • use lower case only • three colours MAX • contrast is critical • no distracting “do-dads” Times New Roman

29. Slide preparation: prose Arial • largest font possible • use lower case only • three coloursMAX • contrast is critical • no distracting “do-dads”

30. Motivation &Animation • enthusiasm • curiosity • relevance

31. Slide Usage 1 word/data slide per min. • repeat slides: continuity emphasis • WATCH THE CLOCK

32. The learning environment • Review & Rearrange • Go early!: -projector function -picture size, shape -lighting • Pointer (tremor,waver)

33. Anxiety!!!!  • Rehearse ,Rehearse, Rehearse • Read your first few introductory lines • Drugs: i. beta blocker (propranolol) ii. anxiolytic (alprazolam)

34. Shit happens ‘A backup plan & a backup to the backup’…L.Kalata 2004 charged laptop & power cord CD or memory stick hard copy of your presentation

35. 80%of information transmitted is forgotten by students in 8 weeks …and by faculty in 8 minutes

36. Motivation FeedbackFramework IntermissionInformation

37. 12 minute rule

38. Intermission: every 12 minutes 1.Vary teaching strategy: • interactive • anecdote • case 2. Rest periods: • review • cartoon • quiz

39. Motivation FeedbackFramework Intermission Information

40. Encouraging feedback: set the ground rules! DON’T • call on an individual • ask answerer next question • ‘put down’ a dumb question

41. Encouraging feedback DO: • praise correct answers • praise good questions • encourage group responses

42. In the absence of microphones or megaphones … always repeat the question!

43. Reprise • target your audience • motivate your learner • organized, logical structure • information: “less is more” • learning breaks • summarize key points • positive learning experience

44. Jay.keystone@utoronto.ca

45. Recommended Reading