Questioning Techniques for Clinical Teaching

1. Questioning Techniques for Clinical Teaching • Saint Louis University • Reinert Center for Teaching Excellence • Clinical Teaching Committee Darina Sargeant, PhD, PT (Presentation based on TIPS-University of Kentucky, originally funded by the Kellogg’s Foundation)

2. OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this session and utilizing the information presented, the participant will be able to: 1. Choose the questioning techniques that are most appropriate for the setting, anticipated learner outcome and orientation of the preceptor. 2. Recall the purpose, benefits and limitations of questioning in the clinical environment. 3. Identify the procedures necessary for effectively planning, conducting and evaluating success of questioning techniques. 4. Apply these techniques to clinical setting. Questioning Techniques for Clinical Teaching

3. Definitions • Instructional set • Opening minutes of the learning session • Presentation • Patient/pathology/interventions • Closure • Recap at end of the learning session

4. Questioning-Purpose in Clinic • Determine learner mastery • Discover points of difficulty • Provide for application of knowledge • Stimulate learner thinking

5. Questioning-Instructional Set • Gain attention • Arouse interest • Establish need for lesson • Present problems to be solved • Determine attitudes and interests • Evaluate student preparation • Determine strengths and weaknesses

6. Questioning-Instructional Set • Your turn • Take a minute to write a question to be used in instructional set • Check yourself

7. Questioning-Presentation • Stimulate learner thinking • Develop points in the lesson • Revive and/or increase interest • Bring non-participants into discussion

8. Questioning-Presentation • Sub-summarize major points of lesson • Focus attention • Encourage discussion

9. Questioning-Presentation • Your turn • Take a minute to write a question to be used in presentation • Check yourself

10. Questioning-Closure • Check for understanding • Locate areas where re-teaching necessary • Help student to see application

11. Questioning-Closure • Your turn • Take a minute to write a question to be used in closure • Check yourself

12. Dynamics of Questioning • Overhead question • Direct question • Skills/style • phrasing and vocabulary • wait time/APC • delivery • getting answers • responding

13. Types of Questions • Lead off • Follow up/Clarify • Check up • Rhetorical • Convergent/divergent • Throwback • Probing

14. Probing Questions • Extension • Clarification • Justification • Prompting • Redirection

15. Types of Questions • Your turn • Take a minute to write one of the following types of question • Lead off • Follow up/Clarify • Check up • Rhetorical • Convergent/divergent • Throwback • Probing • Check yourself

16. Questioning Techniques for Clinical Teaching • Final thoughts • Who should ask questions? • Why are questions useful in clinical teaching? • What are the various types of questions? • When are questions used? • Where should questions be used?

17. OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this session and utilizing the information presented, the participant will be able to: 1. Choose the questioning techniques that are most appropriate for the setting, anticipated learner outcome and orientation of the preceptor. 2. Recall the purpose, benefits and limitations of questioning in the clinical environment. 3. Identify the procedures necessary for effectively planning, conducting and evaluating success of questioning techniques. 4. Apply these techniques to clinical setting. Questioning Techniques for Clinical Teaching