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The Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire. How would life be different if you grew up here?. Steppe.

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The Mongol Empire

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  1. The Mongol Empire

  2. How would life be different if you grew up here? Steppe It is a plain without trees. It is similar to a prairie, although a prairie usually has tall grasses, while short grasses are normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grasss or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. The climate in the region is too dry to support a forest, but not dry enough to be a desert.

  3. The Mongols were nomadic people who followed their cattle and lived in yurts (tent).

  4. Genghis Khan: Genius of Mass Murderer • Father was killed when he was a boy • Mother was kidnapped and raped by rival klansmen • Killed his half brother at age 13 for stealing his fish • Genghis Khan through political manipulation and military might, united the nomadic, Mongol-Turkic tribes under his rule by 1206. • He quickly came into conflict in northern China. He moved into Central Asia as well, devastating eastern Persia, then raiding into Kievan Rus' (Russia, Belarus and Ukraine) • Before dying, Genghis Khan divided his empire among his sons and immediate family, but as custom made clear, it remained the joint property of the entire imperial family.

  5. What continents did the Mongol Empire stretch across? ‎ • Genghis Khan divided his realm into four Khanates, subdivisions of a single empire under the Great Khan. • Blue Horde (under Batu Khan) and White Horde (under Orda Khan) would be combined into the Golden Horde, with Batu Khan emerging as Khan. • Il-Khanate- Hulegu Khan • Empire of the Great Khan (China) - Kublai KhanMongol homeland (present day Mongolia) • Chagatai Khanate-Chagatai Khan

  6. Kublai Khan • Genghis Khan’s Grandson • Rules Mongol Empire from 1260-1294 • Founder of the Yuan Dynasty • Failed to invade Japan on two separate occasions • Despite his recognition as Great Khan, he was unable to keep his brother Hulagu and their cousin Berke from open warfare in 1263, and after Kublai's death there was not an accepted Great Khan, so the Mongol Empire split for good.

  7. Mongol Military The Mongols were very comfortable in the art of the siege.They were very careful to recruit artisans and military talents from the cities they conquered. They were experts in building the trebuchet, catapults and other machines to which they can lay siege to fortified positions. Their weapons were sometimes built on the spot using immediate local resources such as nearby trees.Within a battle, Mongol forces used extensive coordination of combined arms forces. Though they were famous for their horse archers, their lance forces were equally skilled and just as important to their success. Mongol forces also used their engineers in battle. They used siege engines and rockets to disrupt enemy formations, confused enemy forces with smoke, and used smoke to cut off parts of an enemy force while destroying them. All males aged from 15 to 60 could participate

  8. Mongol Invasion of Middle East • The Mongol invasion of the Middle East consists of the conquest, by force or voluntary submission, of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and parts of Turkey. • The major battles were the Battle of Baghdad (1258), when the Mongols sacked the city which for 500 years had been the center of Islamic power. • The Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, when the Muslim Egyptian Mamluks, from the Christian European Crusaders, were able to stop the Mongol advance at Ain Jalut, in the northern part of what is today known as the West Bank. • Due to a combination of political and geographic factors, such as lack of grazing room for their horses, the Mongol invasion of the Middle East turned out to be the farthest that the Mongols would ever reach, towards the Mediterranean and Africa.

  9. TheMongol Invasions of Japan • There were two attempts, one in 1274 and the other in 1281 by Kublai Khan to invade the Japanese islands after conquering Korea. • Despite their ultimate failure, the invasion attempts are important, since it set a limit on Mongol expansion. • They are referred to in many works of fiction, and are the earliest events for which the word kamikaze, or "divine wind", is widely used. • In addition, with the exception of the Occupation at the end of World War II, these failed invasion attempts are the closest Japan has ever come to being invaded within the last 1500 years.

  10. Invasion of Europe Mongol invasion of Europe included the conquest of Kievan Rus, much of Russia, and the invasion of Poland and Hungary, among others. Pope’s envoy to Mongol Khan who passed through Kiev in February 1246, wrote: "They [the Mongols] attacked Russia, where they made great havoc, destroying cities and fortresses and slaughtering men; and they laid siege to Kiev, the capital of Russia; after they had besieged the city for a long time, they took it and put the inhabitants to death. When we were journeying through that land we came across countless skulls and bones of dead men lying about on the ground. Kiev had been a very large and thickly populated town, but now it has been reduced almost to nothing, for there are at the present time scarce two hundred houses there and the inhabitants are kept in complete slavery."

  11. How long did the Mongol Empire Last? Who were their two dominant leaders?

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