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We do not perceive the world how it really is, but as it is useful for us to perceive it.

Explore the process of perception and how we organize and interpret sensory information to create meaningful perceptions. Learn about selective attention, visual capture, perceptual illusions, and the principles of perceptual organization.

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We do not perceive the world how it really is, but as it is useful for us to perceive it.

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  1. We do not perceive the world how it really is, but as it is useful for us to perceive it.

  2. The process of organizing and interpreting information we get from our senses • enables us to recognize meaningful objects and events. Perception In transforming sensations into perceptions, we create the meaning

  3. Selective Attention • Any moment we focus our awareness on only a limited aspect of all that we experience • Example– directions video

  4. Cocktail Party Effect • Ability to attend selectively to only one voice among many

  5. Visual Capture The dominance of vision over other sense modalities, such that what is felt or heard conforms to what is seen.

  6. Perceptual Illusions • Once we have attended to certain stimuli, how do we organize them into meaningful perceptions?

  7. Dalmatian Picture

  8. Perceptual Illusions

  9. Perceptual Illusions

  10. Perceptual Illusions

  11. Perceptual Illusions

  12. Perceptual Illusions

  13. Perceptual Illusions

  14. Perceptual Illusions

  15. Visual Capture • When vision competes with other senses, vision usually wins- known as visual capture • For example- watching a movie, in theatres we believe the sound is coming from the screen where people are talking, when really, it’s not

  16. Perceptual Organization • To transform sensory information into meaningful perceptions, we must organize it • We must perceive objects as distinct from their surroundings, see them as having a meaningful and constant form, and discern their distance and motion.

  17. Gestalt • German scientist became intrigued with how the mind organizes sensations into perceptions • Given a cluster of sensations, the human perceiver organizes them into a gestalt • Described principles by which we organize our senses into perceptions

  18. Gestalt Psychology • Gestalt means “an organized whole” • These psychologists were concerned with how and why we GROUP objects together. • They stated that humans can not help but perceive stimuli in groups rather than individual or isolated elements This explains why we see a cube and not a set of isolated holes or circles

  19. Perceptual Organization: Gestalt • Grouping • the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups • Grouping Principles • proximity--group nearby figures together • similarity--group figures that are similar • continuity--perceive continuous patterns • closure--fill in gaps • connectedness--spots, lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected

  20. Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles

  21. Proximity • We group nearby figures together.

  22. Proximity • Grouping nearby figures together 3 sets of parallel lines not six separate lines

  23. Similarity • Figures similar to each other we group together.

  24. Similarity • Grouping together figures that are similar to each other 9 separate shapes Or Two columns and one Column?

  25. Continuity • We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones

  26. Continuity • Perceiving smooth continuous patterns not discontinuous ones

  27. Connectedness • When they are uniform and linked, we perceive spots, lines, or areas as a single unit

  28. Perceptual Organization: Closure • We fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

  29. Closure • Filling in gaps to create a complete, whole object

  30. Perceptual Organization • Figure and Ground--organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

  31. Warm-Up • What is perception? • Give an example of bottom-up processing • Explain Gestalt Psychology and give one example of grouping. • Explain Cocktail Party Effect

  32. Perception Our perceptions are affected by the biology of our sensory systems, but also by our previous experiences and cultural expectations. Or in other words our… Schemas

  33. Take a moment to write down a few adjectives to describe each person based on their pictures. A B

  34. Which one is better looking?

  35. Perception is also often based on… • Perceptual Set • A bias to perceive one thing and not another when looking at things in our world • Sort of the same thing as a mental set • So in some ways it can cause us to make errors in judgments when we are trying to perceive the world through our senses

  36. What do you see? • What you see in the center is influenced by your perceptual set

  37. Perceptual Set • Bill Clinton and who?

  38. Perceptual Set-Schemas Which is the real Madonna?

  39. Perceptual Set-Schemas • When we hold the eyes as a constant it is difficult to identify the correct Madonna. Now that the image is rotated it is easy to tell the difference.

  40. Perceptual Illusions • Used to reveal how we normally organize and interpret sensations • Optical or Visual Illusions • Discrepancies between the appearance of a visual stimulus and its physical reality

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