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Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

This interactive talk explores the Semantic Web and its ability to enable machines to understand and combine statements about things on the World Wide Web. Topics covered include resource identification, ontologies, RDF, topic maps, and integrating models.

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Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

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  1. Information Interchangeon the Semantic Web an interactive talk by Piotr Kaminski, University of Victoria www.ideanest.com

  2. wisdom actions knowledge reasoning information structure The Semantic Web • Getting machines to understand the contents of the web I'd better talk to the bank before I spend it, because of what has happened to other people Nobody owes me that much money Agents Your bank balance has jumped 8087% to $1234567.89 Semantic Web 1234567.89 World Wide Web data Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  3. requires SEng 265 requires SEng 265 has taken has taken SEng 265 Web Contents • Why is the World Wide Web valuable? • The Semantic Web: • contains statements about things • must be able to combine statements that talk about the same thing SEng 330 Jane Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  4. Uniform Resource Identifiers • A resource is anything that has an identity • A URI identifies a single resource • decentralized, uniform syntax (RFC 2396) • URL (Locator) and URN (Name) are legacy terms • If you go fetch a URI, do you retrieve its resource? • What does http://www.engr.uvic.ca/~seng330/ identify? Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  5. Ontologies • An ontology is a dictionary: • resources identified well defined and agreed upon • may also include relationships between resources, inference rules • can be general (upper ontology) or specialized • still decentralized! Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  6. requires Graphs: uvic/seng330 uvic/seng265 prefix: http://www.ideanest.com/ @prefix in: http://www.ideanest.com/ in:uvic/seng330 in:requires in:uvic/seng265 Notation3: XML: <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:in="http://www.ideanest.com/"> <rdf:description rdf:about="http://www.ideanest.com/uvic/seng330"> <in:requires rdf:resource="http://www.ideanest.com/uvic/seng265"/> </rdf:description></rdf:RDF> Resource Descr. Framework • A Semantic Web model proposal: • simple set of subject—predicate—object triples • many notations: Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  7. RDF Example • literals are primitive values • anonymous bnodes are identified by properties Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  8. Topic Maps • Another Semantic Web model proposal: • set of topics and associations • a topic represents a subject resource • an association relates a set of topics together • each topic plays one or more roles targetCourse requiredCourse uvic/seng330 uvic/seng265 prefix: http://www.ideanest.com/ Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  9. the primitive value "http://www.uvic.ca/" = just a string • the identifier of the resource http://www.uvic.ca/ = UVic home page / web site • the identifier of a resource that indicates the subject http://www.uvic.ca/ = UVic itself • can also be done using newly proposed URI scheme tdb: tdb:http://www.uvic.ca/ = thing described by… Identifying Subjects • A topic can identify its subject by stating: Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  10. Topic Map Example • n-ary associations are allowed (and encouraged) • What's the obvious mapping to RDF? Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  11. …though not on its name • Our software is part of the domain, so we explicitly show software artifacts: Modeling the World • The one point everybody agrees on: 0..1 ? 1 ? 0..* ? 1..* ? Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  12. Relating Things Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  13. … identifies identifies Identifying Things • Identification is a complex problem: • may be indirect • may be scoped • might need to be reasoned about • Let "identifies" be a normal relationship between Things • define it in a standard upper ontology Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  14. "Piotr Kaminski" identifies "http://www.ideanest.com" identifies identifies Literals • We must bootstrap the identification chains: • a literal is a thing that has a native representation within our software system Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  15. only one level necessary for assigning roles targetCourse requiredCourse uvic/seng265 uvic/seng330 Recursive Relationships • How to model Topic Map roles? • could make it a primitivein the model… • Each member of a relationship implicitly participates in a binary "member of" relationship with it Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  16. Integrating Models Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

  17. Project in progress: Braque www.ideanest.com Last Thoughts • We've only scratched the surface: • type hierarchies, classes vs. properties • collections, ordering of members • contexts / scopes • reflection / reification • Why not XML? • no universal interpretation • no universal representation for arbitrary graphs Information Interchange on the Semantic Web

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