Dry Cow Therapy, Mastitis and Milk - Enhancement

1. Dry Cow Therapy, Mastitis and Milk - Enhancement Nissim Silanikove, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Israel. http://publicationslist.org/silanikove Gabriel Leitner, The Veterinary Institute, Israel

2. Conventional Organic U. K. 37.1 34.7 Mastitis Mastitis affects one third of all dairy cows annually ¹ ¹ National Mastitis Council, Current Concepts in Bovine Mastitis, Madison, WI, 1996.

3. Mastitis Costs $ Mastitis costs the U.S. dairy industry over $2 Billion annually (W L Hurley, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 2001.) The worldwide estimated cost of mastitis to the dairy industry is $10.34 Billion annually.

4. Current Drug Treatment Milk Enhancement - Posilac . Dry Cow Treatment - Antibiotics . Mastitis - Antibiotics .

5. Milk Withdrawal - Antibiotics

6. Total Milk Losses Per Cow Treated

7. Milk Loss and Cost of Discard Milk

8. Secretion of large number of activated neutrophils. Enhanced secretion of immunoglobulins. Formation of bactericide environment: Secretion of antimicrobial proteins and free radicals formation. Drastic reduction in lactose and citrate concentration: elimination of food for bacteria. The Physiological Basis Dramatic activation of the innate immune system within 8 hours

9. Evacuate the treated gland and infuse the drug into the cistern. Repeat the treatment twice over two days. Don’t milk between treatments. After the last treatment the gland is not milked until the next lactation. Treatment procedures

11. Treated Gland Control Gland Histology of gland treated with casein hydrolyzate (CNH) vs. non-treated gland

12. CNH in Goats: Precipitous drying of milk secretion only in the treated gland Silanikove et al, Life Sci., 2002

13. SCC - POST SCC - PRE Average Average Staphylococcus aureus 5 1,235.2 147.4 All Streptococcus 1 7 3,357.4 262.3 Escherichia coli 7 1,781.2 275.4 Arcanobacterium pyogenes 10 1,465.1 145.6 Others 6 3,283.5 226.7 All: Average SCC 2,210.2 205.0 Standard deviation 2,374.3 170.2 SCC (×1000) before treatment and 15 to 60 days after treatment in 45 cows Somatic Cell Counts Pathogens Number Note: SCC-PRE denotes pre-treatment somatic cell counts; SCC-POST denotes post-treatment somatic cell count. Pooled across herds (n=10) and period, 2001-2003.

14. 0 – 200 201 – 400 0 8 % Clinical 22 % 22% 8 % 40 % Subclinical 62 % 30% 8 % Total SCC (×1000) frequencies after treatment with CNH Stage >401

15. 25.9 % 100 £ 33.3 % 101 - 200 201 - 400 25.9 % ³ 401 14.8 % SCC (×1000) frequencies after treatment with CNH in the following lactation Reminder : pretreatment average SCC was 2,210.2

16. S. aureus 5 1 All Streptococcus 6 2 E. coli 4 1 pyogenesA. 10 0 Others 8 0 Total 33 4 Bacterial cure in cows treated with CNH Detected microorganism before treatment Detected microorganism after treatment Cure rate of 88.87 % P < .05

18. The risk of new intramammary infections might be reduced if milk production decreased prior to dry off, the udder involuted rapidly, and the teat canal closed in a timely manner". • R.T. Dingwell et al. 2001; National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp. 69-79; NMC, Verona, Wisconsin "For every 5 kg increase in milk yield at dry-off above 12.5 kg, the odds of a cow having an environmental intramammary infection at calving increased at least by 77%". Rajala-Schultz et al.; J Dairy Sci 2005; 88; 577-9 Dry period and new infections

20. Evacuate the treated gland and infuse the drug into the cistern. Treat all glands with or without antibiotics Dry period: Treatment procedures

24. Experimental structure: animals (number and types), treatments, and periods

25. Bacterial status (infected, noninfected, chronic, clinic and cured) in period 2 (following Nafpenzal DC+ CNH at DCT) and period 3 (following Nafpenzal DC) 1Uninfected quarter before drying off and uninfected at parturition. 2 New Infection, chronic – Infection was detected during parturition and in the first 100 days in the new lactation: The same udders were uninfected before drying off. 3 New Infection, clinical – Infection was detected during the first month after parturition and remained for the first 100 days in the new lactation: The same udders were uninfected before drying off. 4Cure – Bacteria detected in the month preceding dry off was not detected in the same udder during the first 100 days of lactation 5 Not Cured – The reciprocal of cured: Bacteria detected in given udders in the month preceding dry off was also detected in the same udder during the first 100 days of the subsequent lactation.

27. Cow 2425

28. Cow 2331

29. Conclusions CNH improve dramatically milk hygiene immediately, without the need to discard milk from the uninfected gland. CNH is effective where no alternative treatments exist. CNH gained high rate of bacterial cure, with secretion of milk with low SCC during the next lactation cycle. CNH is effective as a dry period treatment: eradicates existing infections, prevents new infectionsand lowers SCC. CNH increases milk yield similar to growth hormone. CNH has the potential to shortens the length of the dry period without adversely affecting milk yield in the subsequent lactation. .