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Animal Science

Animal Science. A couple extra tidbits. Terms. Digestion Roughage Concentrates Ruminant Non-ruminant. Digestion. Digestion Process of breaking down food Digestive system Ruminant Cows, goats, sheep Non-ruminant Pigs, horses, poultry, humans Small intestine

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Animal Science

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  1. Animal Science A couple extra tidbits

  2. Terms • Digestion • Roughage • Concentrates • Ruminant • Non-ruminant

  3. Digestion • Digestion • Process of breaking down food • Digestive system • Ruminant • Cows, goats, sheep • Non-ruminant • Pigs, horses, poultry, humans • Small intestine • Digested feed is absorbed • Large intestine • Absorbs water and some nutrients

  4. Ruminant • Generally larger stomach than non-ruminant • Digestion takes place in stomach • Broken down into 4 parts • Cud-chewing animals • So can eat lots of fiber (roughage) • Hay, silage, pasture • 44% of diet (cattle and sheep) • Lots of bacteria in system break down food and provide vitamins

  5. Sheep digestion

  6. Nonruminant • Stomach with ONE compartment • monogastric • When young, cannot eat much roughage • Need high-energy, low fiber feed • Grains • Concentrates (grains and protein supplements) • Only about 20% roughage

  7. Chicken digestion • No “true” stomach • Crop (feed softened) • Muscular stomach • Gizzard (crushed and mixed with digestive juice) • Can only store small amounts of food • High value feed

  8. Nutrition • Energy nutrients (carbohydrates) • Provide energy • Complex • Fiber, Roughage (pasture and hay) • Simple • Cereal grains (swine) • Protein • Build body tissue, muscle • More important in nonruminant (no bacteria)

  9. More nutrition • Vitamins • Help prevent livestock diseases • Minerals • Growth of bones, teeth, tissue • Calcium (eggs shells) • From ground limestone • Water • 40-80% of animals’ bodies

  10. Tools • Artificial vagina • Used during artificial insemination • Collects semen from male species • Semen transferred to female using a semen straw • Burdizzo castrator • Castrates cattle to prevent animals from breeding

  11. More useful tools • V notcher • Used to identify pigs according to the litter • Syringe • To inject medicine • To withdraw body fluid • Rectal thermometer • Thermometer inserted in animal’s rear end • Accurate temperature reading

  12. Careers • Veterinarian • Embryo transfer, etc. • Poultry • Candling • Check eggs for blood spots • Farrier • Shoe and care for horse’s feet

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