1 / 47

Remote Sensing Landsat 1,2,3

Remote Sensing Landsat 1,2,3. Major Remote Sensing Systems. 1. Introduction of Satellite Systems. Land observation satellite systems         vehicles - spacecraft         devices - electro-optical sensors         images - digital images         target - earth resources. Landsat 1,2,3.

artan
Download Presentation

Remote Sensing Landsat 1,2,3

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Remote SensingLandsat 1,2,3

  2. Major Remote Sensing Systems

  3. 1. Introduction of Satellite Systems • Land observation satellite systems         vehicles - spacecraft         devices - electro-optical sensors         images - digital images         target - earth resources

  4. Landsat 1,2,3 1972, 1975, 1978 http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec11.html

  5. 1. Orbits • Sun-synchronous • Altitude 919km • Inclination 80o  80oN - 80oS • 103 minutes per cycle, 14 times each day • Because of the earth's rotation, each successive N/S pass is offset to the west by 2,875km • Distance between the adjacent tracks (at the Equator) is 159km • Passes over the same place every 18 days

  6. Orbits .. http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_15.html

  7. Orbits .. http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_15.html

  8. http://edcsgs9.cr.usgs.gov/glis/graphics/guide/landsat/figure3.gifhttp://edcsgs9.cr.usgs.gov/glis/graphics/guide/landsat/figure3.gif

  9. http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_15.html

  10. 2. Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) • Generates high resolution television-like images • Landsat 1,2 consists 3 cameras sensitive to green, red, NIR, respectively • Forms a 3-band multispectral image (Bands 1, 2, and 3) • Landsat 1 and 2 RBV were hardly used due to technical failures • Landsat 3 RBV was modified but did not perform as expected

  11. 3. Multispectral Scanner (MSS) • A scanning system of a oscillating mirror to scan from W to E • The reflected energy is directed to 24 detectors that are sensitive to 4 bands with 6 detectors per band(Bands 4, 5, 6, and 7)

  12. MSS .. http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_16.html

  13. MSS .. A: Rotating MirrorB: DetectorsC: Instantaneous Field of ViewD: Ground Resolution CellE: Angular Field of ViewF: Swath http://hosting.soonet.ca/eliris/remotesensing/bl130lec11.html

  14. Resolutions of MSS • Spectral resolution         band4: 0.5-0.6mm (green)         band5: 0.6-0.7mm (red)         band6: 0.7-0.8mm (near infrared)         band7: 0.8-1.1mm (near infrared)         band8: 10.4-12.6mm (far infrared, Landsat 3 only)

  15. MSS4 MSS5 MSS6 MSS7 http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_17.html

  16. Resolutions of MSS .. • Radiometric resolution:  6 bits, 64 levels and re-scaled to 7 bits, 128 levels • Spatial resolution: 79x79m, re-sampled into 79x56m • Temporal resolution: 18 days for Landsat 1-3,

  17. 5. MSS scene • Ground swath: 185x185km • 5% overlap and 14-85% sidelap • 2340 scan lines, 3240 pixels per line • After skew correction, rectangle image becomes parallelogram due to spacecraft movement and the earth rotation

  18. Skew Correction http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_15.html

  19. 6. Worldwide Reference System (WRS) • The nominal center of a Landsat scene is identified by combination of     - Path: N-S along satellite orbital tracks (total 223 paths)  - Row: E-W along latitudinal center lines (total 119 rows) • The three satellites retired in 1978, 1983, and 1983, respectively

  20. 7. Landsat 4,5,6,7 1982, 1985, 1993, 1999 http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_15.html

  21. Orbit • - 705km, a lower altitude for finer spatial resolution and           retrievable by space shuttle         - inclination 98.20        - 99 minutes per cycle, 14.5 times each day         - image swath 185km

  22. 影像镶嵌图 影像边界矢量图 Orbit

  23. Orbit .. • The gap between successive passes at the equator is 2752km • The gap is filled in 16 days • Distance between the adjacent tracks (at the Equator) is 172km • Sidelap at the equator 7.6% • Adjacent swaths are acquired every 7 days • Landsat 4 and 5 are 8 days out of phase • New path system in WRS and less paths (233)

  24. Orbit .. http://edcsgs9.cr.usgs.gov/glis/graphics/guide/landsat/figure4.gif

  25. Second generation of Landsat    MSS • On board landsat 4,5,6,7 are both MSS and TM • MSS band 1,2,3,4 are equivalent to band 4-7 on Landsat 1,2,3 • Spatial resolution 82m

  26. Thematic Mapper (TM) • Spectral resolution • 7 bands and narrower bands

  27. Thematic Mapper (TM) .. • Band1: 0.45-0.52mm (blue-green, water, soil & vegetation) • Band2: 0.52-0.60mm (green, chlorophyll reflection) • Band3: 0.63-0.69mm (red, chlorophyll absorption) • Band4: 0.76-0.90mm (near infrared, vegetation biomass, ) • Band5: 1.55-1.75mm (mid infrared, vegetation moisture, cloud, snow, ice) • Band6: 10.4-12.5mm (far infrared, temperature) • Band7: 2.08-2.35mm (mid infrared, geologic rock formation, plant heat stress)

  28. Biophysical Sensitivity of Spectrums .. Upper epidermis Palisade Spongy mesophyll Lower epidermis http://www.cstars.ucdavis.edu/projects/modeling/

  29. Spectral Reflectance Curve

  30. http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_20.html

  31. Landsat Band 6 http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_20.html

  32. Resolutions of TM • Radiometric resolution: 8 bits, 256 levels of brightness •  Spatial resolution: 30x30m, 120x120m for band6 •  Temporal resolution: 16 days

  33. TM Operation • Scanning • Tracking and Data Relay Satellites

  34. Scanning •  Each scan of TM mirror acquires 16 lines of data (4 lines for band 6) • The mirror is active in both E->W and W->E directions • Allows a slower mirror speed for better brightness response

  35. TM detectors http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_20.html

  36. Tracking and Data Relay Satellites • Landsats are teamed with two TDRS • TDRSs are geo-synchronous and transmit sensor data to central ground receiving station near White Sand, New Mexico • TDRSs relay commands from mission control to the Landsats and telemetry from the Landsat to the ground

  37. Landsat 4, 5 • Landsat 4 retired in 2001 after near 20 years service • Landsat 5 retired June 5, 2013 after 29 years service

  38. Metternicht, G. I., and J. A. Zinck. "Evaluating the Information Content of JERS-1 SAR and Landsat TM Data for Discrimination of Soil Erosion Features." Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 153rd ser. 53.143 (1998): 143-53. 15 Feb. 1998

  39. Landsat 6 • Lost on October 5, 1993 • Same orbit as Landsat 4 and 5 • Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) • An eighth panchromatic band 0.5-0.9mm with 15m resolution • Improved radiometric sensitivity

  40. Landsat 7 http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/landsat.htm

  41. French SPOT French SPOT French SPOT Landsat 7 Landsat 7 Landsat 7 DS DS - - 1260 1260 DS - 1260 AVIRIS AVIRIS AVIRIS 2.0 m m 1.0 1.0 1.0 m m m m m 2.0 2.0 m m m m m Landsat 7 • Launched on April 15, 1999 • ETM+, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus • Design continuity with Landsat 4 and 5 • An eighth 15m-resolution panchromatic band • 60m spatial resolution for the thermal band

  42. Landsat 8 • Launched on February 11, 2013 • Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) • Orbit 705 km • Inclination 98.20 • 98.9 minutes per cycle • Image swath 185km http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=2pnqFHXoA1c http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_ldcm.php

  43. Landsat 8 .. • Two sensor systems on board - Operational Land Imager (OLI) - Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)

  44. Landsat 8 .. • Operational Land Imager (OLI) Band 1 (0.43-0.45µm) 30m Coastal/Aerosol Band 2 (0.45-0.51µm) 30m Blue Band 3 (0.53-0.59µm) 30m Green Band 4 (0.64-0.67µm) 30m Red Band 5 (0.85-0.88µm) 30m NIR Band 6 (1.57-1.65µm) 30m SWIR 1 Band 7 (2.11-2.29µm) 30m SWIR 2 Band 8 (0.50-0.68µm) 15m Pan Band 9 (1.36-1.38µm) 30m Cirrus

  45. Landsat 8 .. • Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) Band 10 (10.6 - 11.19 µm) 100m Thermal 1 Band 11 (11.5 - 12.51 µm) 100m Thermal 2

  46. Readings • Chapter 6

  47. Landsat 4,5

More Related