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Chapter 10 Sex and Gender

Chapter 10 Sex and Gender. Sex: The Biological Dimension Gender: The Cultural Dimension Gender Stratification in Historical and Contemporary Perspective Gender and Socialization Contemporary Gender Inequality Perspectives on Gender Stratification Gender Issues in the Future.

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Chapter 10 Sex and Gender

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  1. Chapter 10 Sex and Gender • Sex: The Biological Dimension • Gender: The Cultural Dimension • Gender Stratification in Historical and Contemporary Perspective • Gender and Socialization • Contemporary Gender Inequality • Perspectives on Gender Stratification • Gender Issues in the Future

  2.  Sex and Gender • Sex refers to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males. • Gender refers to the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males.

  3. Social Significance of Gender • Gender stereotypes hold that men and women are different in attributes, behavior and aspirations. • Men: strong, rational, dominant, independent, less concerned with appearance. • Women: weak, emotional, nurturing, dependent, anxious about appearance.

  4. Gendered Division of Labor Three factors: • Type of subsistence base. • Supply of and demand for labor. • The extent to which women's child-rearing activities are compatible with certain types of work.

  5. Agents of Gender Socialization • Parents • Peers • Teachers and schools • Sports • Mass Media

  6.  Parents and Gender Socialization • Children's clothing and toys reflect their parents' gender expectations. • Children are often assigned household tasks according to gender.

  7. Peers and Gender Socialization • Peers help children learn gender‑appropriate and inappropriate behavior. • During adolescence, peers often are more effective at gender socialization than adults. • College student peers play an important role in career choices and the establishment of long term, intimate relationships.

  8. Teachers and Schools and Gender Socialization • Teachers provide messages about gender through classroom assignments and informal interactions with students. • Teachers may unintentionally show favoritism toward one gender over the other.

  9. Sports and Gender Socialization • From elementary school through high school: • Boys play football. • Girls are cheerleaders, members of the drill team, and homecoming queens. • For many males, sports is a training ground for masculinity.

  10. Mass Media and Gender Socialization On television: • Male characters typically are more aggressive, constructive, and direct. • Females are deferential toward others or use manipulation to get their way.

  11. Functionalist Perspectives • The division of family labor ensures that important societal tasks will be fulfilled. • The human capital model - people vary in the education and training they bring to the labor market. • What people earn is the result of their choices and the demand for certain kinds of workers.

  12. Conflict Perspectives • Gendered division of labor results from male dominance over women and resources. • Even in industrial societies, men are considered the head of household. • Men hold more power because they are predominate in highly paid and prestigious occupations and elected offices.

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