KHULISA CRIME PREVENTION INITIATIVE

1. KHULISA CRIME PREVENTION INITIATIVE PRESENTATION TO DCS PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE JUNE 2005

2. VISION The reduction of crime in South Africa through the building capacity amongst individuals and the community.

3. MISSION STATEMENT Khulisa is a values-driven organisation committed to the reduction of crime through the professional development and delivery of programmes and initiatives that empower individuals, restore relationships and develop communities.

4. ABOUT KHULISA • Established in 1997 • Offers national programmes • Offices in Gauteng, KwaZulu Natal, North West, Western Cape

5. KHULISA CRIME PREVENTION INITIATIVE: A HOLISTIC APPROACH . EARLY INTERVENTION CRIME REHABILITATION PREVENTION REINTEGRATION

6. PROGRAMMEOVERVIEW • Make It Better (MIB) Programme • New Directions Diversion Programme • Awaiting Trial Programmes (prisons, places of safety, etc) • Discovery Rehabilitation Programme • Destinations Reintegration Programme • Peer Education Programmes • Staff Development & Training Programmes

7. MAKE IT BETTER(MIB) PROGRAMME • Trains groups of young adults to implement local community development initiatives. • Process involves youths/young adults between the ages of 18/30 • 310 youths trained as MIB leaders in 16 communitiessince 2000 • Approximately 80,000 learners reached through MIB group programmes

8. School drugs/HIV/AIDS programmes Drop-in centres for HIV/AIDS orphans Creches Recreation clubs Street Children Schools of Industry Life skill programmes Extra mural activities Saturday schools Mentoring Sewing clubs Vegetable gardens EXAMPLES OF PROJECTSUNDERTAKEN BY MIB YOUTH GROUPS

9. DIVERSIONOPTIONS • The Child Justice Bill sets out three diversion options. • Khulisa provides programmes under Options One and Two. • 15-week life skill and personal enrichment programme. • A 6 or 9-week “mini” diversion option (which caters for children younger than 13 – junior level, and older than 14 – senior level). • Additional options include: victim offender mediation (restorative justice); home-based supervision; community service; school attendance;monitoring, etc

10. DIVERSIONSTATISTICS • Estimated 700 children diverted in past 3 years • Khulisa’s diversion programmes comply with minimum standards as set out by the Department of Social Welfare & Population Development

11. REHABILITATION TO REINTEGRATION Programmes Whilst Incarcerated REHABILITATED OFFENDER REINTEGRATED EX-OFFENDER Post-Release/After Care

12. “DISCOVERY” REHABILITATIONPROGRAMME • An in-prison correctional and personal development programme known as “My Path” delivered over a period of approximately one year. • Suitable for all ages, male and female • Delivered to approximately 1,400 prisoners since 1997.

13. MY PATH

14. AIMS & OBJECTIVES • To teach offenders to become accountable for their behaviour • To provide offenders, through a year-long in-prison programme, creative writing skills, vocational skill development, personal transformation and group therapy • To support and strengthen the family through workshops, in order to enable them to participate effectively in offender reintegration and crime prevention programmes • To provide education and life skills, thus promoting their opportunities to pursue a life outside criminal activity upon release

15. DURATION OF PROGRAMME • My Path includes 3 phases or steps • Each phase is 12 weeks long • Each week includes at least one facilitated two hour session (illiterate programme includes two such sessions) and self-guided activity for each day of the week.

16. CONTENT PER STEP Step One: Self-discovery and the establishment of a recovery plan (Identity, emotions, self-care, effective communication and dealing with the challenge of change) Step Two: Restoration of self, victim impact, relationships and community, gender roles, non-violence, destructive cycles, development of change agreements, beliefs & values, personal accountability and conflict resolution Step Three: Preparation for legitimate self-sustainability post- release (Career guidance, job hunting, interview skills, CV’s, learnership, entrepreneurship, community work)

17. MY PATH LEVELS • My Path Tertiary - Grade 12 + • My Path FET - Grades 10-12 • MY Path GED - Grades 7-9 • My Path Fundamental - catering for illiterate offenders. Placement on these courses requires a literacy assessment which gauges functional literacy level.

18. LITERACY • Very low levels of English literacy exist even amongst matriculants • Assessments with both adult and juvenile offenders reveal that matriculated offenders range in levels of literacy from Grade 5 to Grade 10 • My Path is, therefore, developed to address the needs of different literacy levels.

19. LANGUAGES In due course these programmes will be offered in other languages to meet the needs of participants.

20. ASSESSMENT With the goal of encouraging self-reflection and providing feedback on change (behaviour modification) and personal development, a range of assessment tools are included: • Pre and post bio-psychosocial assessment • Qualitative homework analysis • Self-assessment of learning outcomes and self-development • Integrity and literacy assessments (pre and post programme) A formal external evaluation has also been conducted.

21. REPORTING Individual reports provide detail regarding: 1) Attendance 2) Attitude 3) Performance throughout the programme 4) Overall development; and 5) Recommendations into additional rehabilitation/reintegration needs and issues. Can be tailored for sentence planning and parole board purposes

22. FEMALE PRISONS • Research was conducted in April 2004 to determine specific needs of female inmates. • Programmes currently in progress to address these needs. • Handcraft and other practical skills development programmes launched in March 2005. • Strong relationship development component with emphasis on forgiveness included

23. DRUGS PEER EDUCATOR PROGRAMMES

24. AIMS & OBJECTIVES • To provide and implement a strategic drug awareness support and counselling service. • The provision of life skills and drug awareness programmes and the establishment of drug free sections. • To reduce the illegal drug activities within the prison environment. • Reduction of addiction rates. • Assist inmates with addiction problems. • Provide alternative activities • Improve employability of prisoners (post-release) • Empower staff

25. JOHANNESBURGMEDIUM C PRISONCASE STUDY • Programme initiated in 2002 • 24 peer drug educators trained • 96% of drug educators tested drug-free • Over 1,000 youth from schools have visited the prison (community outreach programme) • 3 drug-free sections established • Offenders constantly work with over two-thirds of prison population • 50% involved in drug programme (+ 3 educators per section) • Over 40 support groups established and 260 sessions held with inmates in 7 sections • 471 inmates participated in support groups • 89% of programme participants indicated support groups contribute positively to the lives of inmates

26. HIV/AIDS PEER EDUCATOR PROGRAMMES

27. AIMS & OBJECTIVES • To provide and implement an HIV/AIDS education, awareness and support service • To provide a project structure allowing offenders to have access to HIV/AIDS education • To offer offenders some protection against risk in the prison environment through ongoing monitoring and support • To provide each peer educator with the skills to provide low cost HIV/AIDS education support to the inmates on a sustainable basis and to become self-sustaining upon release • To gain lifelong learning on the subject, which will equip them for suitable behaviour modification throughout their lives. • To promote voluntary disclosure testing in a controlled environment.

28. REACH Offenders: • 322 peer educators trained in 30 prisons – May 2003 – July 2005 • 288 peer educators trained (Gauteng) – May – June 2005 Estimated reach: 5,000 per annum Staff: • 265 peer educators trained – May – November 2004

29. EXTERNALEVALUATION EXTRACTSDECEMBER 2004 • 75% of inmates reached in 7 prisons sampled had gone for VCT. • Change in gang behaviour and reduction of sodomy • In some cases, peer educators had gone to schools in communities to train children on HIV/AIDS

30. AWAITING TRIALPOLLSMOOR PRISONCASE STUDY • Since the programme’s inception over 350 inmates have attended the classes.According to prison records reports of both sodomy and common assault have dropped by 50%. In addition, according to staff members the inmates: • Have become less aggressive towards staff and fellow inmates • Have become more respectful of DCS staff members • Have become more hygienic - as evidenced by cleaner and neater cells • Have willingly participated in all Khulisa's programmes including evening life skill sessions • Have shown an interest in improving their education, with several, for the first time, learning to write at least their names

31. PRE-RELEASEPROGRAMME

32. AIMS & OBJECTIVES • To prepare offenders and their families for their release • To provide offenders with skills specific to needs of individuals, families and communities • To prevent recidivism

33. METHODOLOGY Facilitated weekly group sessions that utilise experiential learning, role plays and drama, case studies,discussions and personal reflectiveassignments. • 12 two hour sessions (ideally run over a 12 week period) • Family workshops • Offender/Victim/Family Mediation Sessions • Community Peacebuilding initiatives • Recruitment/identification of community mentors

34. RESTORATIVEJUSTICE • Restoration and restorative justice form an integral part of Khulisa’s rehabilitation/reintegration philosophy • In the past year 74 restorative justice cases (victims/family) have been facilitated • Reintegration is supported not only by working with the offender but also by a supportive social and family context.

35. POST-RELEASEPROGRAMME (Reintegration)

36. AIMS/OBJECTIVES The 6-month programme aims to: • Provide and/or establish networks that offer social, emotional and practical support to recently released offenders.

37. METHODOLOGY • Weekly individual counselling and mentoring sessions • Streaming of participants into one of the following groups - further studies, learnerships, formal employment, informal employment, community work. • Weekly group sessions on topics relevant to stream. • Facilitated monthly group discussions, where possible, led in part by group members or other ex-offenders. • Family work if and where required.

38. ASSESSMENT • Feedback from offenders • Random drug tests and polygraph testing where deemed appropriate • Feedback from family members • Feedback from community mentors

39. SAMPLE STATISTICS • Research conducted by Khulisa (2004) indicates that from a random group of 64 graduates tracked since release in 1999, + 70% have not relapsed back into crime. • Since the introduction of the Khulisa programme at Ekuseni (KwaZulu Natal) over 200 prisoners have participated. During the first year 65% completed the course and graduated. 41% of these are now involved in ongoing projects within the prison environment.   • Since the inception of the programme at Ekuseni 50 prisoners have been released, and 14 transferred. Of those who have been released 70% are involved in Khulisa’s Reintegration Programme either through learnerships, employment or community service projects. 

40. STAFF DEVELOPMENT& TRAINING Personal development approach to preparing staff to participate in the rehabilitation environment (White Paper compliance)

41. PROGRAMMEDELIVERY • Traditionally by Khulisa staff • Peer educator programmes available to allow suitable long-term prisoners to participate • Khulisa would welcome facilitation participation by DCS staff • Ideally Khulisa would place a local support unit to provide programmes long-term to service individual correctional establishments

42. PROGRAMMEACCREDITATION Khulisa programmes are all in various stages of evaluation or preparation for accreditation by the Services Seta

43. CHALLENGES • Funding from the Department • Department under-resourced • Commitment of staff, in some instances the opportunity to talk and be heard

44. COSTS To the State of Imprisonment: R42,000 per inmate per annum Khulisa: Rehabilitation Programme: R13,000 per inmate; and Reintegration Programme: Approximately R6,000 per parole

48. HOW COULD THE DEPARTMENT HELP KHULISA TO HELP THEM • Khulisa needs to know where it stands with the Department • A formal relationship to be established with clear communication channels • Confirmation that its programmes are approved • An understanding of existing and proposed DCS requirements in terms of programme development, so that it can comply • Support for staff members involved at correctional facilities • Funding from DCS to assist to promote the cause with funders

49. Billiton Development Trust British High Commission Departments of Safety and Liaison, Social Welfare & Population Development, Health DFID Exel Supply Chain Services (SA) (Pty) Ltd Government of Finland Johannesburg City Council Nashua Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund Open Society Foundation Royal Danish Embassy SAIH Samancor Foundation The Tower Group United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime USAID US Embassy Various personal trusts  FUNDERS