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Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Methylphenidate (Ritalin). Drug investigation By: Amanda Palumbo. Name of Drug. Chemical name: Methylphenidate Brand name: Ritalin Other brand names: Concerta , Methylin ER, Methadate ER and CD Street names: Vitamin R, Rids, Smarties , kibbles and bits, and R-ball.

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Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

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  1. Methylphenidate(Ritalin) Drug investigation By: Amanda Palumbo

  2. Name of Drug • Chemical name: Methylphenidate • Brand name: Ritalin • Other brand names: Concerta, Methylin ER, Methadate ER and CD • Street names: • Vitamin R, Rids, Smarties, kibbles and bits, and R-ball

  3. Action of Methylphenidate • Stimulant • CNS • Changes natural substances in the brain • Release and increase dopamine • Causes increased concentration, alertness and focus. Also helps with sleepiness • Produces mental and behavioral effects in children and some adults

  4. Schedule rating of methylphenidate • It is a schedule II controlled substance • High potential for abuse • This substance has potential for abuse • may lead to severe psychological and physical dependence.

  5. ADD and ADHD • Ritalin or methylphenidate is known to help control symptoms of children and some adults with ADD and ADHD • Difficulty focusing • Controlling actions and remaining still or quiet than other people of the same age

  6. History • First synthesized in 1944 and known as MPH • Trademark Named Ritalin in 1948 • Owned originally by CIBA • now Novartis Corporation • 195o it was improved and 1954 it started being tested on humans • First licensed by FDA in 1955 • 1957 Ciba Pharmaceutical Company began marketing MPH to treat chronic fatigue, depression, and narcolepsy

  7. History Continued • 1960 : • try counteract symptoms of barbiturate over dose • Barbiturate- CNS depressant that causes relaxation and sleepiness • Focus became on the treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome which later became called ADHD • Ritalin use to treat ADHD increased in the 1970s and early 1980s • 1991-1999 Ritalin sale increased 500 percent in the US

  8. Medical Use • To treat ADD and ADHD (Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder) • Help those who suffer from ADD and ADHD focus • To treat Narcolepsy and some times depression. • Narcolepsy- daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks • Usually given a gradual dosage throughout the day and needs to be strictly followed • Important to be accompanied with a snack or a meal

  9. Physiological effects • Appetite Suppression • Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Feelings of being energized • Wakefulness • heightened alertness

  10. Psychological Effects • Could be more outgoing than usual (talkative and social) • Could have opposite effect on people with ADHD • Calming effect • Some may experience drowsiness • Behavioral Changes

  11. Possible Side effects • Dependency (addiction) • Insomnia • Nervousness • Loss of appetite • Could lead to anorexia • Growth suppression • Could also cause irregular heart beat and breathing • Heart palpations • Skin rash, fever, nausea, dizziness, headache, and abdominal pain • Generalized Anxiety

  12. Overdose Signs and Symptoms • Restlessness • Tremor • Aggression • Hallucinations • Panic states • Twitches or spasms (hyperreflexia) • Rapid heart beat • High blood pressure • Symptoms of Depression • Delusions • Dehydration • sweating • Vomiting • Could cause sudden heart attack in severe cases

  13. Resources • http://www.casapalmera.com/articles/signs-and-effects-of-the-methylphenidate-a-drug-also-known-as-ritalin/ • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000606/ • http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/ritalin_ritalin-sr.pdf • http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm • http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ritalin.asp • http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/index.html

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