Leadership & Ethics

1. Leadership & Ethics Christie Struckman, Ph.D. San Jose State University February 18, 2003

2. Ethics • Branch of philosophy concerned with the intents, means, and consequences of moral behavior. • Study of moral judgments and right and wrong conduct. • Secular and religious sources.

3. Heteronomy and Imprinting Modeling and Socialization Born amoral Moral Development

4. Levels & Stages of Moral Dev. LevelStage Preconventional Physical consequences Individual needs Conventional Approval of others Compliance Postconventional Rational analysis Individual conscience

5. Values • Constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important. • “Give me liberty, or give me death.” Patrick Henry • Can only make inferences about individual’s values from their behaviors.

6. Terminal Values: An exciting life Sense of accomplishment Family security Inner harmony Social recognition Friendship Instrumental Values: Being courageous Being helpful Being honest Being imaginative Being logical Being responsible Common Values in Organizations

7. Unethical Org’al Practices 62% 48% 44% 42% 38% 37% Harm the environment Endanger public health Sell unsafe products Knowingly sell inferior products Deliberately charge inflated prices Risk employee health and safety Harris Poll, 1989

8. When Good People Do Bad Things • Moral justification: reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose. • Euphemistic labeling: using “cosmetic” words to defuse or disguise the offensiveness of the behavior. • Advantageous comparison: comparing one’s behavior to an even more heinous behavior. • Displacement of responsibility: attributing responsibility to others. • Diffusion of responsibility: when everyone is responsible, no one is responsible. • Distortion of consequences: minimize the harm caused by behaviors. • Dehumanization: disassociating behavior as occurring to humans. • Attribution of blame: claiming behavior caused by someone else.

9. Social definition of good Democracy at work Attitude toward profit Attitude toward wealth Labor relations Consumer protection Self-interest vs. altruism Employee relations Management accountability Attitude toward technology Minority relations Attitude toward government Human-environment interface Aesthetic values Organizational Ethics

10. Re-arranged depending on the priorities. Intel Value Statements • Customer Orientation • Results Orientation • Great Place to Work • Discipline • Quality • Risk Taking

11. Work Hard Study Hard Have Initiative Love Your Work Be Exact Have the Spirit of Conquest Cultivate Personality Help and Share with Others Be Democratic In all Things Do Your Best Ten Commandments of Success Carnegie Steel Company – Charles Schwab

12. Values of Caring Leaders • Honesty • Consideration • Responsibility • Persistence • Excellent • Commitment

13. Full-Swing Values Know one’s values Foul ball Cherish one’s values Single Declare one’s values Double Act on one’s values Triple Act habitually on one’s values HOME RUN Are your values in full-swing???