IPOD Neural Impulse Demonstration

1. IPOD Neural Impulse Demonstration

2. Brain and Behavior Introduction

3. Some methods of studying the brain • Animal Research: • 1.) Lesioning • 2.) ESB (Electrical Stimulation of Brain) • Human Research • 1.) CT (or CAT) scan • 2.) PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan • 3.)fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

4. Methods of Studying animal brains • 1.) Lesioning • Involves the destruction of a piece of brain • An electrode is inserted and high frequency current burns tissue • 2.) Electrical Stimulation of brain (ESB) • An electrical current is sent through brain to stimulate it • Electrode used to activate brain area

5. Methods of studying human brain 1.) CT (CAT) Scan -Computer enhanced X-ray of brain structure -creates vivid image of the brain through multiple x-rays

6. Methods of studying Human Brain • 2.) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan • Radioactive markers map chemical activity in brain • Color coded map shows which brain areas are active during certain functions

7. Methods of Studying Human Brain • 3.) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) • Different than regular MRI (MRI only maps structure) • fMRI monitors oxygen and blood flow to brain areas during certain functions

8. Brain Regions • 3 Major regions of the brain • 1.) Hindbrain • 2.) Midbrain • 3.) Forebrain

9. Hindbrain • Consists of: • 1.) Cerebellum • 2.) Medulla • 3.) Pons

10. 1.) Cerebellum- “little brain” • Coordinates movement • Responsible for balance • 2.) Medulla • In charge of unconscious, essential functions • Breathing, Regulating our circulation • 3.) Pons • “Bridge” connecting brain stem with cerebellum • Involved with sleep

11. Forebrain • Consists of: • 1.) Thalamus • 2.) Hypothalamus • 3.) Hippocampus • 4.) Amygdala • 5.) Cerebrum

12. 1.) Thalamus • Relay station for sensory information • Plays role in integrating information from senses • 2.) Hypothalamus • Regulation of basic biological needs • Hunger, sex drive, thirst • What happens when certain parts of hypothalamus lesioned

13. 3.) Hippocampus • Role in memory • 4.) Amygdala • Role in learning of fear responses

14. 5.) Cerebrum • Largest brain part • Controls mental activities • Learning, thinking, remembering • Divided into 2 halves called hemispheres • Brain has right hemisphere and left hemisphere • Corpus Callosum – connective tissue holding hemispheres (halves) together

15. Each Hemisphere Contains 4 Lobes

16. 1.) Frontal Lobe- Motor Coordination; thought processes • 2.) Occipital Lobe – Vision • 3.) Parietal Lobe – Sensation (Touch) • 4.) Temporal Lobe- Auditory (Hearing)

17. Right/ Left Hemisphere • We essentially have two brains in one • Left Hemisphere • Verbal Processing • Language • Speech • Reading • Writing • Right Hemisphere • Spatial and visual recognition • Expression “Right-Brained” or “Left Brained”

18. Hemispheres and body • Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body • Right hemisphere coordinates left side of the body • Left hemisphere coordinates right side of the body

19. Brain Plasticity