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The Civil war

The Civil war . 1861-1865. THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR. 1. Write down 5 causes of the civil war. Page 154 in textbook 2. Turn to a partner and compare lists. Compile a list on 5 causes of the war. . Sectionalism . States vs. Federal rights . Slavery – slave states vs. nonslave states.

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The Civil war

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  1. The Civil war 1861-1865

  2. THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR • 1. Write down 5 causes of the civil war. • Page 154 in textbook • 2. Turn to a partner and compare lists. Compile a list on 5 causes of the war.

  3. Sectionalism

  4. States vs. Federal rights

  5. Slavery – slave states vs. nonslave states

  6. Abolitionist movement

  7. Election of Abe Lincoln

  8. The Election of 1860 • Abraham Lincoln nominated by Republicans • Aimed to keep slavery from spreading, but he would not “interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves.” • Other candidates: • Stephen Douglas nominated by Northern Democrats (popular sovereignty) • John C. Breckenridge nominated by Southern Democrats (Dred Scott decision) • Lincoln wins even though he received no electoral votes and loses the popular vote in the south

  9. Fort Sumter • Northern Fort in Southern Territory • The North didn’t want to fight for the fort, but didn’t want to surrender it • Sent in non military supplies to the fort • South attacks the fort, and it goes into southern control

  10. The outbreak of war! • After the Election of President Lincoln as the 16th President of America, Seven states left the Union • South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas • After Fort Sumter, the gears of war were set and the Civil war was underway

  11. The Forming of the Confederacy • The seven states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form the Confederacy. • Drafted their own constitution that “protected and recognized” slavery in the new territories. • Jefferson Davis elected as presidents.

  12. Advantages for the North And South • Both sides gathered up the supplies they had and called for volunteers. • The north originally called for 75,000 men • That number would go to upwards of 2.1 million men • The south however only peaked at 1.1 million men to fight during the civil war

  13. The United States Resource map

  14. Advantages for both sides

  15. Winfield Scoots Anaconda plan General in Chief of the U.S Winfield Scoot proposed a strategy for defeating the south which involved blockading the Mississippi river and coastal ports of Confederate states. He was aware that it would prolong the war, but he believed that the war would have less bloodshed if they acted on this plan

  16. Southern Strategy The President of the Confederate States, Jefferson Davis, imagined a scenario similar to the revolutionary war. By attacking key positions and retreating, they would be able to minimize casualties and break the north's will and lead to negotiations.

  17. New Technologies http://www.history.com/videos/civil-war-tech#civil-war-tech • New Rifles - could shoot straighter and faster • Iron plated navel ships – changed naval warfare • Advancement in warfare – the idea of using trenches and walls • Railroads- the ability to move troops and supplies from point A to point B changed the pace of the war • Medical advancements – new methods for treating wounds

  18. Key Figures of the War for the North Abraham Lincoln –16th president of the United States Although the focus of the war shifted to slavery, his original goal was to preserve the union

  19. Ulysses S. Grant Key military general for the Union Armies Would ultimately win the civil war for the north. West Point Grad. Most successful Union General

  20. Prominent Southern Figures

  21. Jefferson Davis The only president of the Confederate states of America Born in Christian Co. Kentucky “ our present condition..illustrates the American idea that governments rest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of people to alter or abolish governments whenever they become destructive to the ends for which they were established.” Davis, 1861

  22. Robert E. Lee “It is good that war is so horrible, or we might grow to like it.” The top graduate from WestPoint Was actually pro-union The most prominent and successful Confederate general

  23. The aftermath Lincoln used this as an opportunity to release his newest bill, the Emancipation Proclamation. Signed 9/22/1862 Was this a pre-cursor to the 13th amendment?

  24. Emancipation Proclamation Went into effect January 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in the rebel states, the Confederate states did not cooperate… The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not itself outlaw slavery, and did not make the ex-slaves (called freedmen) citizens

  25. The Proclamation Did the Proclamation free all of the slaves? How did the southerners react to this action? How did the reaction affect the views of other nations such as Europe? How important was the document?

  26. The African American Experience • For the first time in American History, all slaves were to be “free” • However, they were expected to serve in the union forces • What does this make you think about the purpose behind Lincoln signing the proclamation? Is the transition into service smooth for the A.A.? • Tensions even in the north were high, many Americans thought they would lose their jobs to the freed men.

  27. The black soldier 179K A.A served in the civil war 40K would be killed 30K of those deaths were due to illness and infection

  28. 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry One of the first all black units to see extensive action during the war Lead by Robert Gould Shaw The regiment's first battlefield action took place on James Island, South Carolina.The regiment stopped a Confederate assault, losing 42 men in the process

  29. III. The Tide of the War Turns Battle of Gettysburg -July 1-3, 1863 – in PA -turning point in the war -largest battle ever fought in N.A. – Union had 88,000 - Conf. had 75,000 July 1 – Conf. soldiers looking for supplies (esp. shoes) met Union soldiers in Gettysburg – both sides took positions outside of town

  30. III. The Tide of the War Turns July 2 – day of movement and positioning – Lee ordered Gen. James Longstreet to attack the southern Union line (Little Round Top) – attack failed

  31. III. The Tide of the War Turns July 3 – Lee decided to attack the Union center – Longstreet opposed – after 2 hrs. of artillery fire the South attacked -Gen. George Pickett org. 12,500 troops to march across the 1-mile-long wide open field towards Cemetery Ridge (Pickett’s Charge) -complete disaster for Conf. – only ½ returned

  32. III. The Tide of the War Turns -Union victory -Casualties: Union – 23,000 Conf. – 28,000 Result: bloodiest battle of the war Lee blamed himself and retreated back to VA – lost 1/3 of his army

  33. III. The Tide of the War Turns Gettysburg Address (Nov. 19, 1863) – 15,000 met at the cemetery to honor the Union dead – Edward Everette gave a 2 hr. speech – Lincoln then gave a 2 min. speech “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

  34. Final days of the War • Election of 1864 • Abe Lincoln was elected again by votes • Took this as approval for his war strategy and political stances on slavery • With the aid of opposing democrats, Lincoln passed the 13th Amendment on Jan. 31st 1865

  35. Surrender • Union Calvary blocked Lee’s retreat in Appomattox • Lee was forced to surrender • “There is nothing to do but to go see grant, and I would rather die a thousand times” • Lee surrendered on April 9th, 1865

  36. Terms of Surrender • Grant guaranteed that no rebel soldier would be trialed for treason • Grant also allowed all the soldiers to take…Their horses…back home • Why would they do that?

  37. By the numbers The civil war accounted for 620,000 American deaths

  38. 620,000 deaths • Would be the equivalent of everyone in the city of • Boston Massachusetts (617K) • Seattle Washington (608K) • Nashville (601K) • Louisville (597K) • Disappearing in a span of 5 years • This is Bowling Green’s Population 10 times over

  39. Death of Lincoln http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qAeFjCscRY On April 14th, 1865—Lincoln went with his wife to see a play John Wilkes Booth slipped behind the president and shot him at point blank range in the back of the head

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