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2. Background. Fairfax County residents want the School Board to push back middle and high school start timesCurrently, county high school first bell rings at 7:20amHigh school students board buses an hour before first bellLack of sleep. 3. Issues Associated with Lack of Sleep. Increased Risk of unintentional injuries and deathDrowsiness or fatigue has been identified as a major cause of traffic accidents Drivers 25 years old and younger caused more than 55 percent of fall-asleep crashe9457
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1. Fairfax County Public Schools Transportation ProblemTeam Project Proposal Brief
OR 680 Project Course in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Computational Modeling
Members: Nathan Annis, David Beck, Matthew Fischl, Ursula Morris, Christopher Scandlen, and Anthony Rivera
2. 2
Background Fairfax County residents want the School Board to push back middle and high school start times
Currently, county high school first bell rings at 7:20am
High school students board buses an hour before first bell
Lack of sleep
3. 3
Issues Associated with Lack of Sleep Increased Risk of unintentional injuries and death
Drowsiness or fatigue has been identified as a major cause of traffic accidents
Drivers 25 years old and younger caused more than 55 percent of fall-asleep crashes
Difficulty controlling emotions and behavior problems
Decreased ability to control, inhibit or change emotional responses
Increased aggressive behaviors
Increased likelihood of stimulant use
Low grades and poor school performance Issues Associated with lack of Sleep
Increase Risk of unintentional injuries and death:
As reported, drowsiness or fatigue has been identified as a mayor cause of traffic accident each year in the United States. A North Carolina study reports that drivers 25 years old and younger caused more than 55 percent of fall-asleep crashes in that state.
Low grades and poor school performance:
According to surveys, high school students having academic problems earning C’s or below, reported getting less sleep than students reporting higher grades.
Difficulty controlling emotions and behavior problems:
It has been reported that sleep loss may be associated with a decreased ability to control, inhibit or change emotional responses. It is also found that shorter sleep times or later sleep start time conducted to aggressive behaviors.
Increase likelihood of stimulant use.
Issues Associated with lack of Sleep
Increase Risk of unintentional injuries and death:
As reported, drowsiness or fatigue has been identified as a mayor cause of traffic accident each year in the United States. A North Carolina study reports that drivers 25 years old and younger caused more than 55 percent of fall-asleep crashes in that state.
Low grades and poor school performance:
According to surveys, high school students having academic problems earning C’s or below, reported getting less sleep than students reporting higher grades.
Difficulty controlling emotions and behavior problems:
It has been reported that sleep loss may be associated with a decreased ability to control, inhibit or change emotional responses. It is also found that shorter sleep times or later sleep start time conducted to aggressive behaviors.
Increase likelihood of stimulant use.
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Impact of Schedule Change Impact on Bell schedules of elementary and middle or junior high schools
Shift in schedule buses, food services and other nonacademic services provided
Impacts entire county school system
Transportation Services
Single most complex, costly and most significant factor among school districts across the nation
Different aspects of the transportation services must be considered (Number of buses, routing, drivers available, etc.) Impact of Schedule Change
Impact on Bell schedules of elementary and middle or junior high schools. In order to accommodate high school student schedule change, a shift in schedule buses, food services and other nonacademic services provided by the institution will have to change or shift. This impact is not local to the school, but ripples across the entire county school system.
Transportation Services. Transportation services may be the single most complex, costly and most significant factor among school districts across the nation. In order to accommodate a schedule change, different aspects of the transportation services must be considered. Number of buses, routing (traffic, routes…), drivers available, etc… are example of factors that will be impacted or altered by changing bell start times, resulting in a more complex and costly problem.
Athletic programs and extracurricular activities. As results to later start times, the domino effect will directly influence the timing of after hour activities such as athletic programs and extracurricular activities which are limited to the daylight period.
School food services. A factor that also must be considered is the impact on later start times on school food services. Such change would require a change in meal times or the addition of breakfast services. Such services change may further complicate the existing problem by adding cost and resources requirements.
Safety. On of the biggest problems or issues related to later schedule changes is the safety concerns related to daylight and darkness. This issue is a mayor concern through out the community.
Impact of Schedule Change
Impact on Bell schedules of elementary and middle or junior high schools. In order to accommodate high school student schedule change, a shift in schedule buses, food services and other nonacademic services provided by the institution will have to change or shift. This impact is not local to the school, but ripples across the entire county school system.
Transportation Services. Transportation services may be the single most complex, costly and most significant factor among school districts across the nation. In order to accommodate a schedule change, different aspects of the transportation services must be considered. Number of buses, routing (traffic, routes…), drivers available, etc… are example of factors that will be impacted or altered by changing bell start times, resulting in a more complex and costly problem.
Athletic programs and extracurricular activities. As results to later start times, the domino effect will directly influence the timing of after hour activities such as athletic programs and extracurricular activities which are limited to the daylight period.
School food services. A factor that also must be considered is the impact on later start times on school food services. Such change would require a change in meal times or the addition of breakfast services. Such services change may further complicate the existing problem by adding cost and resources requirements.
Safety. On of the biggest problems or issues related to later schedule changes is the safety concerns related to daylight and darkness. This issue is a mayor concern through out the community.
5. 5
Impact of Schedule Change Athletic programs and extracurricular activities.
Domino effect: will directly influence the timing of after hour activities such as athletic programs and extracurricular activities that are limited to the daylight period
School food services
Change would require a change in meal times or the addition of breakfast services
Safety
One of the biggest problems or issues related to later schedule changes is the safety concerns related to daylight and darkness
6. 6
Scale and complexity of current system
Average over 117,000 students transported daily
1,136 assigned buses
7,294 home-to-school bus routes
242 schools and educational programs
Many competing interests
FCPS Board
Start Later for Excellence in Education Proposal (SLEEP)
Cost impacts Current Problem
7. 7
What has been done? Study by DMG Maximus (2000)
Transportation system had reached its limits
“needed restructuring, strategic logistical planning, and additional fleet resources.”
Study by MPS (2005)
Bell schedule changes should not be implemented under the constraints defined in the study
Additional modeling studies should be conducted with less rigid constraints
DMG Study
A study completed by DMG Maximus in 2000 found that the student transportation system had reached its limits and required “restructuring, strategic logistical planning, and additional fleet resources.”
Some suspect that schedules for majority of students can be compressed fairly easily; lengthy, lightly loaded routes for programs outside of school boundaries thought to be major obstacle
Currently, it is not unusual for buses to fail to arrive on time
Scale and complexity of current system
Average over 117,000 students transported daily
1,136 assigned buses
7,294 home-to-school bus routes
242 schools and educational programs
MPS Study
Fairfax County School Board hired transportation consultant having experience with bell time analysis and school bus routing
Objectives were:
Assess current transportation system’s cost effectiveness and routing efficiency
Define transportation assumptions and constraints needed to implement new bell schedules
Develop least-cost option for delaying secondary school opening and closing times
Estimate capital and operational cost or benefit of changing bell schedules
Identify service and safety issues or improvements that might result from modified bell schedules
DMG Study
A study completed by DMG Maximus in 2000 found that the student transportation system had reached its limits and required “restructuring, strategic logistical planning, and additional fleet resources.”
Some suspect that schedules for majority of students can be compressed fairly easily; lengthy, lightly loaded routes for programs outside of school boundaries thought to be major obstacle
Currently, it is not unusual for buses to fail to arrive on time
Scale and complexity of current system
Average over 117,000 students transported daily
1,136 assigned buses
7,294 home-to-school bus routes
242 schools and educational programs
MPS Study
Fairfax County School Board hired transportation consultant having experience with bell time analysis and school bus routing
Objectives were:
Assess current transportation system’s cost effectiveness and routing efficiency
Define transportation assumptions and constraints needed to implement new bell schedules
Develop least-cost option for delaying secondary school opening and closing times
Estimate capital and operational cost or benefit of changing bell schedules
Identify service and safety issues or improvements that might result from modified bell schedules
8. 8
Project’s Goal Delay starting times for Fairfax County public high school students by redesigning school bus transportation system.
9. 9
Scope Problem with size - the school system is divided into:
Eight clusters
These clusters are further divided into two to four pyramids
Pyramids consist of a high school and the elementary and middle schools that feed it
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Scope Solution
Choose a smaller representative sample that reflects the logistical and demographic characteristics of the entire county
Five pyramids (out of the possible 24) are currently selected.
Chantilly
Lake Braddock
Marshall
Mount Vernon
Woodson
[Note: pyramids include those that have simple transportation routes, more rural, suburban, heavier traffic, and various logistical barrier (Ft. Belvoir is such a barrier in the Mt Vernon district). Some pyramids have little special programs while others have an extensive amount ]
Also, previous FCPS transportation studies have involved these pyramids, so there exists significant relevant data
[Note: pyramids include those that have simple transportation routes, more rural, suburban, heavier traffic, and various logistical barrier (Ft. Belvoir is such a barrier in the Mt Vernon district). Some pyramids have little special programs while others have an extensive amount ]
Also, previous FCPS transportation studies have involved these pyramids, so there exists significant relevant data
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Scope Problems
None of the pyramids in FCPS are self contained i.e., bus routes are composed of routes outside a given pyramid
May have to simplify model or narrow scope to accommodate this structure
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Initial Requirements System shall provide a transportation solution for part of FCPS to include variables such as (but not limited to):
School start times
Bus routes
Student pickup times
Bus storage locations
Number of buses
System shall be capable of being generalized to all of FCPS
System shall be capable of showing measurable improvements
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Plan
14. 14
Technical Approach Three classes of approaches:
Scheduling with time windows (STW)
Vehicle routing with time windows (VRTW)
Discrete event simulation
This problem has a routing component and a scheduling component. The routing piece of this problem assigns students to school bus stops and assigns school bus stops to school bus routes. The scheduling piece assigns school buses to routes. We introduce time windows to explore this problem in the context of school starting times. School buses spend at an amount of time, defined by the time window, at each school bus stop or school along the route. This problem has a routing component and a scheduling component. The routing piece of this problem assigns students to school bus stops and assigns school bus stops to school bus routes. The scheduling piece assigns school buses to routes. We introduce time windows to explore this problem in the context of school starting times. School buses spend at an amount of time, defined by the time window, at each school bus stop or school along the route.
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Technical Approach - STW School bus routes are fixed
School buses are assigned to routes
If school bus routes are given, then this problem reduces to a school bus scheduling problem. Here we assume that each route serves a school and a school bus can be assigned to multiple routes. If a school bus is assigned to a route, then the school bus starts at the beginning of the route, spends an amount of time, t , serving the route, and travels from the last stop of the route to the school that the route serves. The time intervals, or time windows, at each school bus stop and each school define the amount of time a bus spends at each location. If school bus routes are given, then this problem reduces to a school bus scheduling problem. Here we assume that each route serves a school and a school bus can be assigned to multiple routes. If a school bus is assigned to a route, then the school bus starts at the beginning of the route, spends an amount of time, t , serving the route, and travels from the last stop of the route to the school that the route serves. The time intervals, or time windows, at each school bus stop and each school define the amount of time a bus spends at each location.
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Technical Approach - VRTW School bus stops are fixed
Routes are chosen by grouping bus stops
Here, routes are not pre-defined. Collections of school bus stops and schools are chosen to form routes, and school bus stops are assigned to routes. Note that we can add another layer of complexity to this problem by assigning school children to bus stops. Here, routes are not pre-defined. Collections of school bus stops and schools are chosen to form routes, and school bus stops are assigned to routes. Note that we can add another layer of complexity to this problem by assigning school children to bus stops.
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Technical Approach - Simulation Queueing theory angle to this problem.
School bus route can be interpreted as an open queueing network.
A school bus route can also be modeled as a queueing network. Here, school buses flow into the network from a hub and are served by school bus stops or schools. Note that school bus stops and schools in this example are servers, so each has a service rate. Simulations can be run for different route constructs, and comparisons can be made on average time of arrival to each server that is a school and for total costs of different routes.A school bus route can also be modeled as a queueing network. Here, school buses flow into the network from a hub and are served by school bus stops or schools. Note that school bus stops and schools in this example are servers, so each has a service rate. Simulations can be run for different route constructs, and comparisons can be made on average time of arrival to each server that is a school and for total costs of different routes.
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Resources - Advisors Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS)
Steve Hunt (School Board Member)
Technical Advisor
Dr. Bob Zarnich
Faculty Member Advisor
Dr. Karla Hoffman
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Resources - Data Fairfax County Public School Board
FCPS Office of Transportation
Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT)
Start Later for Excellence and Education Proposal (SLEEP)
Management Partnership Services (MPS)
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Questions
21. 21
Backup Slides
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Background The Root Problem
Sleep, like eating, is a biological necessity
In the 1970s, studies examined variations in sleep patterns as children age
Research done in the 1990s provided more insights
During puberty, most teenagers’ natural sleep cycles shift toward later hours
Difficult to fall asleep until after 11 pm
Hard to be alert before 8 am
Sleep cycles typically are later than those for young children and adults
The average teenager requires 9.25 hours of sleep each night Sleep, like eating, is a biological necessity
In the 1970s, studies examined variations in sleep patterns as children age.
Research conducted in the 1990s provided more insights on the subject.
As they pass through puberty, most (not all) teenagers’ natural sleep cycles (and biological clocks, or circadian rhythms) shift toward later hours.
They find it difficult to fall asleep until after 11 pm
It is difficult for them to be alert before 8 am
Sleep cycles typically are later than those for young children and adults The average teenager requires 9.25 hours of sleep each night.Sleep, like eating, is a biological necessity
In the 1970s, studies examined variations in sleep patterns as children age.
Research conducted in the 1990s provided more insights on the subject.
As they pass through puberty, most (not all) teenagers’ natural sleep cycles (and biological clocks, or circadian rhythms) shift toward later hours.
They find it difficult to fall asleep until after 11 pm
It is difficult for them to be alert before 8 am
Sleep cycles typically are later than those for young children and adults The average teenager requires 9.25 hours of sleep each night.
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Background Root Problem (continued)
School start times do not fit adolescent students’ sleep cycles; several negative effects on students
Academic performance
Physical health
Mental health
Emotional and behavioral problems
School start times do not fit adolescent students’ sleep cycles, which has several negative effects on students.
Academic performance, due to less alertness and hindered ability to think and learn
Physical health, in form of greater susceptibility to illness
Mental health, including increased likelihood of depression
Emotional and behavioral problems, like increased irritabilitySchool start times do not fit adolescent students’ sleep cycles, which has several negative effects on students.
Academic performance, due to less alertness and hindered ability to think and learn
Physical health, in form of greater susceptibility to illness
Mental health, including increased likelihood of depression
Emotional and behavioral problems, like increased irritability
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Background Root Problem (continued)
Delaying start times would reduce negative effects, plus provide additional benefits
Less unsupervised time after school
Fewer accidents
Current start times for Fairfax County schools
High schools: at or after 7:20 pm
Middle schools: at or after 7:25 pm
First bus pickup in Fairfax County: 5:23 a.m. Delaying start times would reduce these negative effects, plus provide additional benefits
Less unsupervised time after school to engage in criminal, risky, or similarly undesirable behavior.
Fewer accidents, including automobile accidents caused by teenagers falling asleep at the wheel.
Current start times for Fairfax County schools
High schools: at or after 7:20 pm
Middle schools: at or after 7:25 pm
First bus pickup in Fairfax County is 5:23 a.m.Delaying start times would reduce these negative effects, plus provide additional benefits
Less unsupervised time after school to engage in criminal, risky, or similarly undesirable behavior.
Fewer accidents, including automobile accidents caused by teenagers falling asleep at the wheel.
Current start times for Fairfax County schools
High schools: at or after 7:20 pm
Middle schools: at or after 7:25 pm
First bus pickup in Fairfax County is 5:23 a.m.
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Background Other Schools/Districts Have Taken Action
In 1997, Minneapolis shifted high school start times from 7:15 a.m. to 8:40 a.m.
Students went to bed at same time as before, so change resulted in more sleep time
Grades improved only slightly, but behavioral improvements were noted
In 1998, a Fayette County, KY school district moved its start times from 7:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m.
Crash rates for county teenagers 16-18 years old declined
Individual schools or districts in 19 states reportedly have delayed their start times
More than 100 school districts in 17 other states are considering this action Other schools have shifted start times for secondary students to later hours, with positive results
In 1997, Minneapolis shifted high school start times from 7:15 a.m. to 8:40 a.m.
The Minneapolis School Board concluded that students went to bed at the same time as before, so change resulted in more sleep time.
Grades improved only slightly, but behavioral improvements were noted.
In 1998, a Fayette County, KY school district moved its start times from 7:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m.
Crash rates for county teenagers 16-18 years old declined
According to information on the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) Web site, individual schools or districts in 19 states have delayed their start times and more than 100 school districts in 17 other states are considering this action.Other schools have shifted start times for secondary students to later hours, with positive results
In 1997, Minneapolis shifted high school start times from 7:15 a.m. to 8:40 a.m.
The Minneapolis School Board concluded that students went to bed at the same time as before, so change resulted in more sleep time.
Grades improved only slightly, but behavioral improvements were noted.
In 1998, a Fayette County, KY school district moved its start times from 7:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m.
Crash rates for county teenagers 16-18 years old declined
According to information on the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) Web site, individual schools or districts in 19 states have delayed their start times and more than 100 school districts in 17 other states are considering this action.
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Background Local Studies
In 1991, Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS) produced an issues paper on reversing (swapping) bell schedules
In 1997, Montgomery County conducted a study of school bell times
In June 1998, a Task Force formed by Fairfax County Public Schools to study alternatives for delaying high school opening times
53 appointees
Ten meetings
Obstacles to changing the bell schedules identified
Recommended that bell schedules should be changed
Concluded that FCPS needed additional technical and strategic expertise to facilitate the transportation improvements needed for implementation Studies done in the Washington, DC area include:
In 1991, Fairfax County Public Schools produced an issues paper on reversing (swapping) bell schedules
In 1997, Montgomery County conducted a study of school bell times
In June 1998, a Task Force formed by Fairfax County Public Schools to study alternatives for delaying high school opening times published its report.
53 appointees, including parents, students, representatives of community organizations, and school system personnel
Ten meetings were held
Task force identified obstacles to changing the bell schedules
Among other findings and recommendations, task force concluded that bell schedules should be changed
Task force concluded that FCPS needed additional technical and strategic expertise to facilitate the transportation improvements needed to implement this recommendation.Studies done in the Washington, DC area include:
In 1991, Fairfax County Public Schools produced an issues paper on reversing (swapping) bell schedules
In 1997, Montgomery County conducted a study of school bell times
In June 1998, a Task Force formed by Fairfax County Public Schools to study alternatives for delaying high school opening times published its report.
53 appointees, including parents, students, representatives of community organizations, and school system personnel
Ten meetings were held
Task force identified obstacles to changing the bell schedules
Among other findings and recommendations, task force concluded that bell schedules should be changed
Task force concluded that FCPS needed additional technical and strategic expertise to facilitate the transportation improvements needed to implement this recommendation.
27. 27
Background Local Studies (continued)
Arlington Public Schools implemented a later start time for high school students in 2001 that gave the students an extra 45 minutes of sleep.
In 2004, a pilot program for a new bell schedule in the Madison pyramid was planned [unknown if this actually occurred]. After about two years of study, Arlington Public Schools implemented a later start time for high school students in 2001 that gave the students an extra 45 minutes of sleep.
In 2004, a pilot program for a new bell schedule in the Madison pyramid was planned [unknown if this actually occurred].After about two years of study, Arlington Public Schools implemented a later start time for high school students in 2001 that gave the students an extra 45 minutes of sleep.
In 2004, a pilot program for a new bell schedule in the Madison pyramid was planned [unknown if this actually occurred].
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Background Common Obstacles
Transportation
After school activities; they should not have priority over learning
Impact on other students and programs, including special education students and counseling services
Teachers and coaches who might prefer earlier times
Family schedules Common obstacles to later high school starting times
Transportation
After school activities; they should not have priority over learning
Impact on other students and programs, including special education students and counseling services
Teachers and coaches who might prefer earlier times
Family schedulesCommon obstacles to later high school starting times
Transportation
After school activities; they should not have priority over learning
Impact on other students and programs, including special education students and counseling services
Teachers and coaches who might prefer earlier times
Family schedules
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Background Transportation Considerations for Fairfax County Public Schools
Study by DMG Maximus in 2000 found that transportation system had reached its limits and required “restructuring, strategic logistical planning, and additional fleet resources.”
Effects of lengthy, lightly loaded routes for programs outside of school boundaries
Bus failure to arrive on time is not unusual
Scale and complexity of current system
Average over 117,000 students transported daily
1,136 assigned buses
7,294 home-to-school bus routes
242 schools and educational programs Transportation Considerations for Fairfax County Public Schools
A study completed by DMG Maximus in 2000 found that the student transportation system had reached its limits and required “restructuring, strategic logistical planning, and additional fleet resources.”
Some suspect that schedules for majority of students can be compressed fairly easily; lengthy, lightly loaded routes for programs outside of school boundaries thought to be major obstacle
Currently, it is not unusual for buses to fail to arrive on time
Scale and complexity of current system
Average over 117,000 students transported daily
1,136 assigned buses
7,294 home-to-school bus routes
242 schools and educational programsTransportation Considerations for Fairfax County Public Schools
A study completed by DMG Maximus in 2000 found that the student transportation system had reached its limits and required “restructuring, strategic logistical planning, and additional fleet resources.”
Some suspect that schedules for majority of students can be compressed fairly easily; lengthy, lightly loaded routes for programs outside of school boundaries thought to be major obstacle
Currently, it is not unusual for buses to fail to arrive on time
Scale and complexity of current system
Average over 117,000 students transported daily
1,136 assigned buses
7,294 home-to-school bus routes
242 schools and educational programs
30. 30
Background Recent Study (MPS)
Fairfax County School Board hired transportation consultant having experience with bell time analysis and school bus routing
Objectives were:
Assess current transportation system’s cost effectiveness and routing efficiency
Define transportation assumptions and constraints needed to implement new bell schedules
Develop least-cost option for delaying secondary school opening and closing times
Estimate capital and operational cost or benefit of changing bell schedules
Identify service and safety issues or improvements that might result from modified bell schedules Recent Study
Fairfax County School Board hired transportation consultant having experience with bell time analysis and school bus routing
Objectives were:
Assess current transportation system’s cost effectiveness and routing efficiency
Define transportation assumptions and constraints needed to implement new bell schedules
Develop least-cost option for delaying secondary school opening and closing times
Estimate capital and operational cost or benefit of changing bell schedules
Identify service and safety issues or improvements that might result from modified bell schedulesRecent Study
Fairfax County School Board hired transportation consultant having experience with bell time analysis and school bus routing
Objectives were:
Assess current transportation system’s cost effectiveness and routing efficiency
Define transportation assumptions and constraints needed to implement new bell schedules
Develop least-cost option for delaying secondary school opening and closing times
Estimate capital and operational cost or benefit of changing bell schedules
Identify service and safety issues or improvements that might result from modified bell schedules
31. 31
Background Recent Study (continued)
Conclusions:
Fairfax County Public School bus routes and schedules well-designed
Transportation department is sophisticated in planning and use of technology
Changing bell schedules would cost an estimated $44 million, representing a 51% increase in transportation costs
Recommendations:
Bell schedule changes should not be implemented under the constraints defined in the study
Additional modeling studies should be conducted with less rigid constraints Conclusions:
Fairfax County Public School bus routes and schedules were well-designed
Transportation department is sophisticated in planning and its use of technology
Changing bell schedules would cost an estimated $44 million, representing a 51% increase in transportation costs.
Recommendations:
Bell schedule changes should not be implemented under the constraints defined in the study.
Additional modeling studies should be conducted with less rigid constraintsConclusions:
Fairfax County Public School bus routes and schedules were well-designed
Transportation department is sophisticated in planning and its use of technology
Changing bell schedules would cost an estimated $44 million, representing a 51% increase in transportation costs.
Recommendations:
Bell schedule changes should not be implemented under the constraints defined in the study.
Additional modeling studies should be conducted with less rigid constraints
32. 32
Background Recent Study (continued)
Report provides good information on:
Transportation costs and cost benchmarks
Overall bus fleet deployment and utilization statistics
Ten bell schedule scenarios that were modeled, and the results produced Report provides good information on:
Transportation costs and cost benchmarks
Overall bus fleet deployment and utilization statistics, which indicate that the present transportation system is approaching maximum utilization
The report described ten bell schedule scenarios that were modeled, and the results producedReport provides good information on:
Transportation costs and cost benchmarks
Overall bus fleet deployment and utilization statistics, which indicate that the present transportation system is approaching maximum utilization
The report described ten bell schedule scenarios that were modeled, and the results produced
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Background Concerned Parties
Community Advisory Committee (CAC)
Composed of ten persons
Represents stakeholders
SLEEP (Start Later for Excellence in Education Proposal)
Formed in January 2004 by two Fairfax County parents
Works with other stakeholders
Very passionate about the need to delay secondary school start times
Provides substantial input on studies planned or underway
Maintains current and very informative Web site
Circulated petition with 6,000 names to the superintendent and Fairfax County School Board
Mapped out the routes for one high school in Fairfax County and concluded that substantial improvements in route design were possible Some of the concerned parties include:
Community Advisory Committee (CAC)
composed of ten persons
represents stakeholders
SLEEP (Start Later for Excellence in Education Proposal)
Formed in January 2004 by two Fairfax County parents
Works with other stakeholders
Is very passionate about the need to delay secondary school start times
has provided substantial input
maintains a current and very informative Web site
Circulated petition with 6,000 names to the superintendent and Fairfax County School Board
Mapped out the routes for one high school in Fairfax County and concluded that substantial improvements in route design were possible.Some of the concerned parties include:
Community Advisory Committee (CAC)
composed of ten persons
represents stakeholders
SLEEP (Start Later for Excellence in Education Proposal)
Formed in January 2004 by two Fairfax County parents
Works with other stakeholders
Is very passionate about the need to delay secondary school start times
has provided substantial input
maintains a current and very informative Web site
Circulated petition with 6,000 names to the superintendent and Fairfax County School Board
Mapped out the routes for one high school in Fairfax County and concluded that substantial improvements in route design were possible.
34. 34
Background Concerned Parties (continued)
SLEEP (continued)
Was not satisfied with results produced to date by transportation consultant
Wanted report to present potential solutions instead of identifying obstacles
Believes that a future study must analyze specific routes, identify efficiencies and recommend policy changes
Believes that a general computer analysis of the system would be inadequate
Believes that estimate of costs was worst-case scenario
Wonders why Fairfax County cannot accomplish later start times similar to Arlington County and Loudoun County SLEEP
Was not satisfied with results produced by transportation consultant for Phase I of study.
Wanted report to present potential solutions instead of identifying obstacles
Believes that a future study must analyze specific routes, identify efficiencies and recommend policy changes.
A general computer analysis of the system would not be adequate.
Believes that estimate of costs was worst-case scenario.
Wonders why Fairfax County cannot accomplish later start times similar to Arlington County and Loudoun County.SLEEP
Was not satisfied with results produced by transportation consultant for Phase I of study.
Wanted report to present potential solutions instead of identifying obstacles
Believes that a future study must analyze specific routes, identify efficiencies and recommend policy changes.
A general computer analysis of the system would not be adequate.
Believes that estimate of costs was worst-case scenario.
Wonders why Fairfax County cannot accomplish later start times similar to Arlington County and Loudoun County.
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SLEEP Start Later for Excellence in Education Proposal
Fairfax based initiative that advocates later start times for FCPS middle and high school students
“Revise the Rule,
set a normal time to school “ Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule).
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SLEEP Website available with information about
Sleep research
Effects of later school start time
Surveys
Successful implementation of later start times Arlington, VA Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY. Wilton, CT.
Jessamine Country, KY
etc.
Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following schooldistrict:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following schooldistrict:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
37. 37
SLEEP Ideas already implemented in the above named school districts
Flexible schedule allows students to choose their start and ending times (Denver, CO.)
Extensive use of public transportation for students further than 3.5 mi (Denver, CO.)
A 4-tier bus system splits elementary school (Fayette County, KY.)
Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies, depression, crash rates etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following school district:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
These school districts, their characteristics, requirements and accomplished tasks vary.
SLEEP is involved in FCPS activities concerning school start time and related issues.
Ideas obtained from the Sleep website that have been used in other school district to enable earlier high school start times enclude
flexible schedule allowing students to choose their start and ending times (Denver, CO.)
The solution included intensive use of public transportation for students. Prior to the change Denver Public Schools provided transprotation to all students who attended neighborhood schools and lived at least 3.5 miles away. Transportation to all students attending magnet schools across the district, to special needs students and for all athletic programs was provided. The number of classes offered at the high school at a particular time is based on student demand. In the first year 20% of high schol students chose a later start to their school day.
Fayette County, KY, delayed the start time one hour and operates on a 4-tier bus system, with elementary schools split into two groups.
Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies, depression, crash rates etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following school district:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
These school districts, their characteristics, requirements and accomplished tasks vary.
SLEEP is involved in FCPS activities concerning school start time and related issues.
Ideas obtained from the Sleep website that have been used in other school district to enable earlier high school start times enclude
flexible schedule allowing students to choose their start and ending times (Denver, CO.)
The solution included intensive use of public transportation for students. Prior to the change Denver Public Schools provided transprotation to all students who attended neighborhood schools and lived at least 3.5 miles away. Transportation to all students attending magnet schools across the district, to special needs students and for all athletic programs was provided. The number of classes offered at the high school at a particular time is based on student demand. In the first year 20% of high schol students chose a later start to their school day.
Fayette County, KY, delayed the start time one hour and operates on a 4-tier bus system, with elementary schools split into two groups.
38. 38
SLEEP Further ideas found on SLEEP website
Increase the number of out-of-bound students who are transported from a local shuttle stop rather than from a neighborhood pick-up location
Alternative modes of transportation for small number of out of boundary students
Use of rolling bell schedules for all school types
Use of express buses that stop at fewer, centrally-located, neighborhood stops rather than many neighborhoods Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies, depression, crash rates etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following school district:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
These school districts, their characteristics, requirements and accomplished tasks vary.
SLEEP is involved in FCPS activities concerning school start time and related issues.
Ideas obtained from the Sleep website that have been used in other school district to enable earlier high school start times enclude
flexible schedule allowing students to choose their start and ending times (Denver, CO.)
The solution included intensive use of public transportation for students. Prior to the change Denver Public Schools provided transprotation to all students who attended neighborhood schools and lived at least 3.5 miles away. Transportation to all students attending magnet schools across the district, to special needs students and for all athletic programs was provided. The number of classes offered at the high school at a particular time is based on student demand. In the first year 20% of high schol students chose a later start to their school day.
Fayette County, KY, delayed the start time one hour and operates on a 4-tier bus system, with elementary schools split into two groups.
The different documents found on the SLEEP website contain some interesting ideas.
Many of out-of-bounds students who now picked up at a neighborhood pick-up station could be transported from a local shuttle stop. An example is Bailey’s magnet school where parents drop their children off at a local elementary school. From there the children get transported to further schools.
Source: SLEEP Transportation Consultant RFP Proposals
Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies, depression, crash rates etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following school district:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
These school districts, their characteristics, requirements and accomplished tasks vary.
SLEEP is involved in FCPS activities concerning school start time and related issues.
Ideas obtained from the Sleep website that have been used in other school district to enable earlier high school start times enclude
flexible schedule allowing students to choose their start and ending times (Denver, CO.)
The solution included intensive use of public transportation for students. Prior to the change Denver Public Schools provided transprotation to all students who attended neighborhood schools and lived at least 3.5 miles away. Transportation to all students attending magnet schools across the district, to special needs students and for all athletic programs was provided. The number of classes offered at the high school at a particular time is based on student demand. In the first year 20% of high schol students chose a later start to their school day.
Fayette County, KY, delayed the start time one hour and operates on a 4-tier bus system, with elementary schools split into two groups.
The different documents found on the SLEEP website contain some interesting ideas.
Many of out-of-bounds students who now picked up at a neighborhood pick-up station could be transported from a local shuttle stop. An example is Bailey’s magnet school where parents drop their children off at a local elementary school. From there the children get transported to further schools.
Source: SLEEP Transportation Consultant RFP Proposals
39. 39
SLEEP Change of eligibility for bus transport for secondary students from current 1.5 to 2.x miles
Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies, depression, crash rates etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following school district:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
These school districts, their characteristics, requirements and accomplished tasks vary.
SLEEP is involved in FCPS activities concerning school start time and related issues.
Ideas obtained from the Sleep website that have been used in other school district to enable earlier high school start times enclude
flexible schedule allowing students to choose their start and ending times (Denver, CO.)
The solution included intensive use of public transportation for students. Prior to the change Denver Public Schools provided transprotation to all students who attended neighborhood schools and lived at least 3.5 miles away. Transportation to all students attending magnet schools across the district, to special needs students and for all athletic programs was provided. The number of classes offered at the high school at a particular time is based on student demand. In the first year 20% of high school students chose a later start to their school day.
Fayette County, KY, delayed the start time one hour and operates on a 4-tier bus system, with elementary schools split into two groups.
The different documents found on the SLEEP website contain some interesting ideas.
Many of out-of-bounds students who now picked up at a neighborhood pick-up station could be transported from a local shuttle stop. An example is Bailey’s magnet school where parents drop their children off at a local elementary school. From there the children get transported to further schools.
Following information is taken from http://sleepinfairfax.org/research.html “Sleep Comments on Constraints and Assumptions for the Transportation Study.
Sleep is an organization founded by Sandy Evans, a Fairfax parent, and Phyllis Payne, that advocates later start time for county middle and high schools. A slogan that summarizes the effort is “Revise the rule, set a normal time to school” (http://www.sleepinfairfax.org/#revise_the_rule). The website offers a lot of valuable information e.g. about sleep research, the effects of later school start time on students academic and athletic performance, job availability, crime, teenage pregnancies, depression, crash rates etc. In general, later school start time showed an improvement in all these aspects. (It is possible to sign a petition online.) The web site also offers links to case studies from the NSF, The National Sleep Foundation, which point to the implementation of later start time in the following school district:
Arlington, VA.
Denver, CO.
Fayette County, KY.
Jessamine County, KY
Wilton, CT.
These school districts, their characteristics, requirements and accomplished tasks vary.
SLEEP is involved in FCPS activities concerning school start time and related issues.
Ideas obtained from the Sleep website that have been used in other school district to enable earlier high school start times enclude
flexible schedule allowing students to choose their start and ending times (Denver, CO.)
The solution included intensive use of public transportation for students. Prior to the change Denver Public Schools provided transprotation to all students who attended neighborhood schools and lived at least 3.5 miles away. Transportation to all students attending magnet schools across the district, to special needs students and for all athletic programs was provided. The number of classes offered at the high school at a particular time is based on student demand. In the first year 20% of high school students chose a later start to their school day.
Fayette County, KY, delayed the start time one hour and operates on a 4-tier bus system, with elementary schools split into two groups.
The different documents found on the SLEEP website contain some interesting ideas.
Many of out-of-bounds students who now picked up at a neighborhood pick-up station could be transported from a local shuttle stop. An example is Bailey’s magnet school where parents drop their children off at a local elementary school. From there the children get transported to further schools.
Following information is taken from http://sleepinfairfax.org/research.html “Sleep Comments on Constraints and Assumptions for the Transportation Study.
40. 40
Background Doctors agree that children and teenagers need more sleep than adults; 9 1/2 hours or more a night is recommended for a typical teenager.
Several school districts around the country have decided to ring the opening bell a little later, after some studies showed that more shut-eye benefits children.
Minneapolis students showed that after the district moved its start time from 7:15 to 8:40 a.m., students got slightly better grades, were less likely to miss classes and experienced less depression.