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Beef Feedlot Industry

Beef Feedlot Industry. Structure / Economics / Marketing / Husbandry / Management / etc. How Cattle Feeding Developed. Cattle drives 1860’s Beef feedlots are a post WWII development Developed about grain production

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Beef Feedlot Industry

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  1. Beef Feedlot Industry Structure / Economics / Marketing / Husbandry / Management / etc.

  2. How Cattle Feeding Developed • Cattle drives 1860’s • Beef feedlots are a post WWII development • Developed about grain production • Center pivot irrigation allowed grain production in arid areas with low human population density • Packing plants moved to the cattle http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/crops_08.html • http://www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/crops_08.html • http://www.asiakan.org/history/history_beef_kansas.shtml • http://www.asiakan.org/history/history_beef_kansas.shtml

  3. Mid Size Feedyard

  4. Cattle Industry Structure • ~ 89 million cattle • 9 million dairy cows • 28 million beef cows • 26 million finished fed • Age when finished … < 30 mo. • Average age when finished 24 mo.

  5. Cattle Feeding Economics • It is all about cost of production!!! • Grain vs Forage … Feed/Gain (FE) • Traditional vs Natural … FE • Natural vs Organic … Questionable • The real deal may be health cost • Time is an overhead cost

  6. Vets Role in Production Mgnt • Decision Management • Science Based • Economic Based • Decision priorities • Manage • Genetic … Nutrition … Health … Marketing Impact of decisions

  7. Possible Management Areas • Health Maintenance Management • Medical Management • Treatment Protocols • Necropsy • Nutrition … Focus on newly received cattle • Data management & analysis • Environmental • Marketing … at least understand it! • Quality Assurance … training & monitoring

  8. Health Maintenance Role • Develop “Herd Health Protocols” • Processing schedules • Retained ownership herd health … • In bounding services • Pregnancy management • Surgery management • Quality Control (QC) … equip/application

  9. Processing Protocol • Handling & Paper work • Arrange By • Background • Weight • Target problem Lets Look …

  10. Medical Management • Develop Treatment Protocols … • Who, How, What, What if • KNOW YOUR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY … next => Lets Look … Lets Look …

  11. Nutrition • Ration Management … • 1st 30 days • Bunk management monitoring • … the three “R” • QC • feedstuffs, feed additives & handling Lets Look … Lets Look …

  12. Data Management • … to much to talk about • VALIDATE what you have • Fix where you start • VALIDATE … • Collect … • Play with the data … • Reports … Lets Look …

  13. Environment • Summer is a busy time … • Mud management • Surface maintenance • Surface density & slope • Water flow … • Air flow … • … may do some stuff of interest to environmentalist.

  14. Quality Assurance • Training … • Monitoring … • Residue testing • … PHACCP • Develop a “Master Plan” • SOP – GMP • Steps … 5 + 7 = success Lets Look … Lets Look …

  15. Where do you start … • “PE” … Learn to do production operation Physical Exam … • Establish Goals & Objectives Lets Look … Lets Look …

  16. Multiply Yourself Through People

  17. Lungs … MOST will NOT be associated with condemnation Lungs Minor Adhesions Look Like … Spider Web Strands

  18. Lungs … MOST will NOT be associated with condemnation Lungs Note the Skirt is adhered to the lung.

  19. Lungs … MOST will NOT be associated with condemnation Note: Lung was condemned … this is good evidence there was an active infection (could also record as “Active LN”) Lungs Note the Skirt is adhered to the lung. Note: Most of both sides are missing. Note: Lung was condemned … this is good evidence there was an active infection (could also record as “Active LN”) Note: Part of Lung is still in the chest

  20. Lungs … MOST will NOT be associated with condemnation Lungs Note: Lung was condemned … this is good evidence there was an active infection (could also record as “Active LN”) Note: Young Lesions are Bloody

  21. Implants … & humans No Withdrawal Time Required • Lets look at sources of estrogens …

  22. Implants

  23. Implants & Growth

  24. Select appropriate high quality products • Most commonly, BRD has a head start in high-stressed young commingled cattle.

  25. Processing Table Example

  26. Dealing With Disease Appetite & Depression Don’t let your thermometer do your thinking! Get the Diagnosis Right !!!

  27. Durable Cure & DART • The goal: • 1) A first-time treated animal is more likely to become a high-performing, profitable animal ; • 2) That animal stays with its group mates and does not suffer a disease relapse. • D.A.R.T. • An acronym for four areas that MUST be thoroughly assessed and monitored, • especially high stress or high risk of disease. • Depression, Appetite, Respiratory index & Temperature.

  28. Simply Put …It is all up to you. • Involvement can be … • As simple as providing on call service • As complex as being part of a management team

  29. Problem … Sick Weaned Feeder • 600 lb … Intake ~ 1.1 % BW (DMB) … intake = 6.6 lbs DM • Protein Requirement = 1.9 lbs CP • Receiving Ration = 13.2% CP … 600 x 2.5% BW = 15 lb x 13.2% = 2 lb CP • Soy Bean Meal (SBM) = 48% • How much SBM must be added to meet the sick calf’s requirements?

  30. Answer … Sick Weaned Feeder • Intake 6.6 lbs (DM) … Needs 1.9 lb CP • 1.9 / 6.6 = 28.8 % CP • R-Rat = 13.2 CP – 28.8 = 15.6 parts SBM • SBM = 48.0 CP – 28.8 = 19.2 parts R-Rat • Total … 34.8 parts • R-Rat = 55.2 % , SBM = 44.8 %

  31. Assignment … Problem • 100 lb animal … Sick … • Bad intake … 1% BW (DMB) • Nutrient requirement = 1/3 (.330) lb • Feedstuff 1: Nutrient % = 28% • Feedstuff 2: Nutrient % = 49% • Question: How much FS1 & FS2 should be mixed together to meet the requirement?

  32. Assignment … Problem • 100 lb animal … Sick … • Bad intake … 1% BW (DMB) • Nutrient requirement = 1/3 (.330) lb • Feedstuff 1: Nutrient % = 28% • Feedstuff 2: Nutrient % = 49% • Question: How much FS1 & FS2 should be mixed together to meet the requirement? FS1) 28 16 33 FS2) 49 5 ------ Total Parts 21 100lb x 1% = 1 lb DMB, 0.33lbReq/1lbDM = 33% Person Square: 28 – 33 = 5 part FS2 & 49 – 33 = 16 parts FS1 Total parts = 21, 5 / 21 = 24% of FS2, & 16 / 21 = 76% of FS1

  33. Quality Assurance Programs (QA) • designed by • producers & food industry affiliates • To Provide … production management education • Targets defect prevention … emphasis is SAFETY • Chemical, Physical & Biological safety defects/hazards • Consumers Confidence in Quality & Safety • QA Programs are NOT Government Programs

  34. Quality Assurance Objectives Entry level => Provides education & training Advanced level => Verification & documentation needed for: USDA-FSIS standards QA program requirements Branded Product Initiatives To Provide Consumer Confidence ...

  35. Quality Assurance Approach • incorporate into other management objectives and in everyone's job • allow it to grow in everyone's attitude • American Meat, Milk & Eggs … Are Quality Products

  36. QA Is A Road Map To Food Safety HACCP… Build on what you know • Producers, Employees, Veterinarians, Nutritionist, Other Specialist, Suppliers … … must take a close look at what could go wrong Chemical, Physical & Biological safety hazards • Build practices that allow checking & verifying • Design all of the everyday working techniques to avoid having anything go wrong • “Target Activities” => Justify, Verify, Monitor

  37. HACCP … In a nut shell • What could go wrong • How can it be prevented • Institute the prevention • Verify the prevention is in place • AND accomplishing the objective • In QA HACCP targets • Chemical, Physical & Biological safety hazards

  38. Secret to HACCP Activity ↕ Outcome Target Justify Verify Monitor

  39. QA GMP Guidelines(Good Management Practices) • Care & Husbandry Practices • Feedstuffs & Sources • Feed Additives & Medications • Individual Treatments • Health Products & Injections • Mgnt Outliers (Performance/Transfers) • Evaluate History & Residue Test As Indicated • Record Keeping

  40. Does QA Work? … YES We have information … Do we have a story to tell … QA programs are in almost every state. USDA-APHIS data tells us that over 95% of all US feedlot have a formal training program for quality assurance. Swine has a similar acceptance of QA programs. Programs include: antibiotic selection & use, residue avoidance and physical defect management …

  41. Does QA Work? … YES The USDA-FSIS says “Meat HAS NO RESIDUES TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT” …

  42. Remember the Basics • QA will help control the little mistakes that decrease animal performance. • It’s the little mistakes that cost us consumer confidence… they buy what they trust. • There NO Most Valuable Players • QA is everyone's job.

  43. In the world of food => Consumers Purchase • BUY • WHAT • THEY • TRUST

  44. Quality AssuranceOur Business - Our Future

  45. USDA-FSIS Careers http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Careers/veterinary_opportunities/index.asp

  46. Biosecurity… in the “real world”? … can you say “A-RITS”

  47. Understand What We’re Up Against • How are cattle (the ultimate recyclers) raised? • approximately 100M in U.S. … • 50% from herds less than 30 … • 90% beef & 10% dairy … of the beef … • 2 years from birth to food supply • 40% in breeding herds • 30% grazing • 30% harvested each year • ALL in OPEN AIR ENVIROMENT !!! … wildlife • deer, coyotes, raccoons, birds, rodents, insects, …

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