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Chap. 2 Meteorological Measurements

Chap. 2 Meteorological Measurements. Be aware of time zones and relation between local and universal time. ASOS Instruments. ASOS locations. Buoys provide important surface measurements over oceans. Especially important for west coast weather and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Chap. 2 Meteorological Measurements

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  1. Chap. 2Meteorological Measurements

  2. Be aware of time zones and relation between local and universal time

  3. ASOS Instruments

  4. ASOS locations

  5. Buoys provide important surface measurements over oceans. Especially important for west coast weather and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico

  6. Rawinsondes are used to measure wind, temperature, and moisture above the surface New GPS technology

  7. Rawinsonde locations

  8. Same sounding on a skew-T diagram http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/upper/

  9. Radar: the Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D)

  10. A Doppler radar measures: • Reflectivity factor • Doppler velocity

  11. Doppler radar measurements of a supercell storm Reflectivity factor, top Doppler velocity, bottom

  12. Radars can provide real-time rainfall accumulations

  13. Combined IR satellite image and Dual Doppler radar analysis

  14. Radar wind profiler, NOAA 404 MHz system http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/

  15. Wind profiler locations

  16. Example of a profiler wind product: time vs. height section of wind For more information: http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/index.jsp

  17. GOES satellite Polar orbiting satellite

  18. ACARS – commercial aircraft supply weather data http://www.fsl.noaa.gov/

  19. Lightning is becoming a more common forecast product. Total vs. CG http://www.weathertap.com

  20. Local measurements • Doppler radar with dual polarization (measurements of internal flows within storms, clear air wind, distribution of rainfall) • Doppler wind profiler (vertical profiles of wind and reflectivity) • 915 MHz boundary layer wind profiler • Doppler sodar • Microwave profiling radiometer (vertical profiles of T and moisture) • Lidar ceilometer (vertical profiles of aerosols, cloud base height) • Surface measurements http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/mips/data/current/surface/

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