The Jeaning of America

1. Unit 14 The Jeaning of America Carin Quinn

2. Lesson 1: Overview • Pre-reading questions • Background information • Getting to know the new words • Global understanding

3. Pre-reading Questions • How many jeans do you have in your wardrobe? • Do you like blue jeans? Why/Why not? • What do your think are the merits and demerits of jeans? • Do you know any famous brand names of jeans?

4. Some Famous Designers • COMMEdesGARCONS • Calvin Klein • LEVIS • Wrangler • DKNY • FAIRWHALE • Miss sixty • Texwood

5. Acid-wash jeans Designer jeans Double-kneed jeans Boot-cut jeans Types of Jeans

6. Acid-wash jeans Designer Jeans Types of Jeans

7. Types of Jeans Low rise Overall Relax Loose fit Bell-bottomed Flare Skinny Slim fit Cuffed →

8. Fashion Set • Boot-cut Jeans • Teenage wear

9. Categories of Fashion Design • Haute couture: (French for “high-fashion”) • Ready-to-wear: Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. • Mass market: The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear clothes in large quantities and standard sizes.

10. Designing a Collection • Planning a collection • Predicting trends • Choosing a theme • Designing a garment • Men’s Day Wear • Women’s Evening Wear • Teenage Wear • Sportswear • Knitwear • Bridal Wear • Accessories

11. Let’s Try Fashion Design! • Group Work • You are to design a collection • Choose a theme for your collection • Illustrate your design in a fashion show • Video record your fashion show

12. Getting to know the new words • Pronunciation check (page 199) • Concept visualized • Word classification • Word derivation • Word differentiation

13. Concept Visualized • Loop • Rivet • Towrope • Hook

14. Coupling

15. Concept Visualized • Ditch: narrow channel dug at the side of a road or field • Lode: <BrE> 排水道；排水沟；矿脉

16. Concept Visualized • Indigo • Inseam =inside leg • Ore

17. Concept Visualized • Dude Ranch: (in the western US) a cattle ranch converted to a holiday centre for tourists 度假牧场（农场） • Dude: (often as a form of address) a man; a guy

18. Meaning & Use • dude<AmE> <sl.>: a man • He’s a real cool ~. • Hey, ~, what’s up? • ranch: a large farm • He went to work on a ~. • dude ranch: 度假农场 • We had an amazing holiday on the ~ ranch in Texas.

19. Sundries: small articles of various types

20. Classification of Words • People of a Certain Kind • peddler <AmE> = pedlar <BrE> 小贩 • deadbeat <slang> 懒汉；二流子 • lumberjack = lumberman 伐木工 • proletariat 无产阶级；工人阶级 proletarian <ant.>aristocrat/aristocracy • bureaucrat 官僚（主义者） bureaucracy <ant.>democrat

21. Classification of Words • <adj.> sturdy;tough; stiff; manly • Shoes are _______ usually when they are new. • With his ________ legs he could keep running for hours. • Only ________ breeds of sheep can live in the mountains. • He looked so _________ in his uniform. stiff sturdy tough manly

22. Classification of Words • Nouns • ___________ are used to join the carriages of the train together. （挂钩） • We don’t use _________ to sell our products. （噱头；花招） • Items such as envelops, paper, and stamps were lumped together in the bill as _________. （杂项；杂物） • The tree is one meter in ______. （围长） Couplings gimmicks sundries girth perimeter

23. Classification of Words • Nouns • The drainage _______ along the sides of the road has been covered.（沟、渠） • Light shone through a______under the door.（切/裂口） • The metal plates used in making ships used to be _______ together, but now they’re usually welded.（铆接） • They hit a rich ______ of uranium. （排水道；矿脉） ditch slit riveted lode

24. Classification of Words • Nouns • The dog had been trained to jump through _______. （环；大圈） • He tied a ______ of rope around his arm.（环，绳圈） • I had a fish on the end of my _______.（挂钩；吊钩） hoop loop hook

25. Classification of Words • Adjectives & Adverbs • Thousands were killed in the ________ battle. (=following) • _________ we had no further communication with them. (=afterwards) • The town was built near a bridge on the River Cam; _________ the name Cambridge. (=therefore) ensuing Thereafter hence

26. Meaning & Use • beckon: <v.> to call • City life ~s many a country boy. • The peddler ~ed me to follow him. • An entire new era, the era of knowledge economy, is ~ing us on. • Coffee houses, fast-food joints, and every kind of restaurant ~ed us to try every kind of food.

27. Meaning & Use • Pacify: <v.> • He pacified his crying child with a bottle. • In spite of my efforts to ~ it the baby continued to cry. • It was difficult for the police to ~ the angry crowd. • He tried to pacify his creditors by repaying part of the money.

28. Meaning & Use • Appropriate: <v.> 盗用；侵吞;拨（专款） • He is suspected of appropriating government funds. • Congress ~d $5 million for International Woman's Year. • Some of the opposition party’s policies have been ~d by the government.

29. Meaning & Use • Tear: <v.> • He tore his shirt on a nail. • The boy tore a page out of the book. • The child was torn from its mother's arms. • This cloth ~s easily. • Iraq is now a country torn by war. • Her heart was torn by grief.

30. Meaning & Use • Marginal: <adj.> • There's only a ~ difference between the two estimates. • This once important social group is becoming more and more ~ (to the way the country is run). • The story will only be of ~ interest to our readers.

31. Meaning & Use • Legitimate: <adj.> • Is this business strictly ~? • The army must give power back to the ~ government. • It seemed a perfectly ~ question. • Politicians are ~ targets for satire. <syn.>legal; lawful

32. Meaning & Use • Parallel: <adj.> • His prudence is ~ to his zeal. • My experience in selling is ~ to yours. • The railway line runs ~ to/with the road. • The trees stand in ~ to the road. • There came an economic crisis unparalleled in modern times.

33. Meaning & Use • tribute: <n.> • Tributes to the dead leader have been received from all around the world. • His Nobel Prize is a ~ to the originality of his research. • The doctor paid ~ to his nurses by praising their work. • I should like to pay a ~ to the leaders of China for the vision and farsightedness of their approach to the negotiations.

34. Meaning & Use • seek after: to try to get • His paintings are much sought after. • One mustn’t ~ after comfort, personal fame and gains. • Obviously they came here to ~ after truth. • He is ~ing after/for something to serve as a table. • Our fighters are ~ing after the enemy. • The girl is sought after by my friend.

35. Meaning & Use • stand up to: • This coat will not stand up to the severe winters. • It was brave of her to ~ up to those bullies. • That cloth is designed to ~ up to a lot of wear and tear. • The old man’s health will not ~ up to the cold damp climate.

36. Meaning & Use • jump at: • When I heard about Gmail, I ~ed at the chance to get an account. • When he was invited to go riding in the country, he ~ed at the chance. • She ~ed at the chance of a trip to Paris.

37. Meaning & Use • eke out:补偿不足；弥补……不足 • They ~d out a poor existence by selling flowers. • They ~d out the ensuing months penny by penny. • She ~d out her wages by working Sundays. • She ~d out her small income by working as music tutor.

38. Meaning & Use • break up • Meetings have been broken up. • He decided to ~ up his dull routine and went on an adventure around the world. • The police broke up the fight among the two black gangs. • The crowd started to ~ up when the night fell.

39. Meaning & Use • bottom line • The boss is interested only in the ~ line. • In business, if you don’t take care of your customers, somebody else will. And that is the ~ line. • I hate to tell you this, but if we don’t get more customers the next three months, the ~ line is that we’ll go out of business. • Bottom line: We have to ship this order by Friday.

40. Word Derivation prosperity pacification stuff symbolize symbolic prosperous pacific stuffy tough/ toughness hook legitimacy patent legitimize tough patent hooked

41. Word Derivation stiffness fault fault immigrate boost stiffen legendary bureaucratic sundry couple reliable tributary

42. Word Derivation emigration -ment grit loop purchase rivet appropriation haul proletarian -ness margin manliness

43. Word Differentiation • Boost vs. Boom • This news has given share prices a big _____. • The unexpected win ________ the team‘s morale（士气）. • The big tax cuts fuelled a consumer _______. • Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war ________. • California _________ when gold was discovered there. boost boosted boom boom boomed

44. Word Differentiation • Emigrant vs. Immigrant • The ship was full of __________ leaving Liverpool for Australia. • Illegal __________ will be sent back to their own countries if they are caught. • Summer _________ nest here. • ________ workers move from country to country in search of work. emigrants immigrants migrants Migrant

45. Word Differentiation • Dying vs. Dyeing • The small town is well known for its printing and _________ industry. • I will remember it to my _________ days. • She looked after her ________ mother for months. • This is his dying wish. • Susan _______ her hair blonde yesterday. dyeing dying dying dyed

46. Word Differentiation • Study vs. Sturdy • Have you any sturdy hiking boots? • He is sturdy and so fit for the job. • Ensuing vs. Ensuring • If you want to ensure that you catch the plane, take a taxi • A person’s high IQ doesn’t always ensure success. • Following the gas incident, the metro is taking steps to ensure public safety..

47. Word Differentiation • Stiff vs. Stuff • This is too ______; I can’t bend it with my hands. • The ice has made everything _______. • _______ the cushion and then sew up the final seam. • They’d been _________ themselves with snacks all afternoon, so they didn’t want any dinner. stiff stiff Stuff stuffing

48. Word Differentiation • Slot vs. Slit • I put my money in the _____ and pressed the button but nothing came out. • She _____ open the envelope with a knife. • He’s been given a regular ten-minute ______ on the radio. • Make a small _____ in each chicken breast and push in a piece of garlic. slot slit slot slit

49. Word-Formation • out- = beyond; further; defeat; so as to be better than • I can out-argue you any day. • He has out-lived his twin brother by three years. • He’s out-grown his clothes. • They were busy so I left — I didn’t want to out-stay my welcome.

50. Word-Formation • idio- = personal; distinct • Keeping pet snakes is an idiosyncrasy of his. （癖好） • A person’s particular use of language is often referred to as his idiolect. • He speaks in the familiar Washington idiom.