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Presented to Prof R. S. Verma

A Journey into Stock Markets. Presented to Prof R. S. Verma. Presented By, Rohit Mundhara P-21 Jignesh Thakkar P-36 Nahush Mhaskar P-19 Aditi Sabaria C-31 Kiran Pawar P- 26. STOCK MARKET. STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA . BSE. NSE. BSE SENSEX 30. Started on 01 January, 1986

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Presented to Prof R. S. Verma

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  1. A Journey into Stock Markets Presented to Prof R. S. Verma Presented By, Rohit Mundhara P-21 Jignesh Thakkar P-36 Nahush Mhaskar P-19 Aditi Sabaria C-31 Kiran Pawar P- 26

  2. STOCK MARKET

  3. STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA BSE NSE

  4. BSE SENSEX 30 • Started on 01 January, 1986 • Value-weighted index • Consists of the 30 largest and most actively traded stocks

  5. NSE NIFTY 50 The 50 stocks that were most favored by institutional investors in the 1960s and 1970s.

  6. HOW THE INDICES ARE CALCULATED? • Find out the “free-float market cap” of all the 30 companies that make up the Sensex! • Add all the “free-float market cap’s” of all the 30 companies! 3. Make all this relative to the Sensex base. The value you get is the Sensex value!

  7. Depository A bank or company which holds funds or securities deposited by others, and where exchanges of these securities take place. • National Securities Depository Limited • Central Depository Services Limited

  8. Depository Participant In India, a Depository Participant (DP) is described as an agent of the depository. They are the intermediaries between the depository and the investors.

  9. Transaction Process(How To Start Trading And Investing) • We need to have a DEMAT account. • We need to have a Trading account. • And of course money 

  10. Rules for earning money in the market • Rule 1: Never lose your money in the market. • Rule 2: Never forget Rule 1.

  11. Settlement Procedure For Cash Markets • Settlement is done on T+2 basis for cash markets. • Trades entered in to on a particular day are settled on third day. • Eg. If u purchase shares on Monday, the settlement day would be Wednesday.

  12. FACTORS AFFECTING STOCK MARKET • Economic Factors • Market trends & Rumours • Global Market indicators • Govt Policies and Regulations • Company wide factors

  13. Sectoral Indices • Realty • PSU • Auto • Power • Consumer Durables • Oil & gas • Bankex • FMCG • Capital Goods • Metal • Teck • IT

  14. Capitalisation • Large Cap - Above 750 cr. • Mid Cap : Between Rs 75 cr. and Rs 750 cr. • Small Cap : Below Rs. 75 cr.

  15. Groups • A : It is the most tracked class of scripts consisting of about 216 scripts. • B • S • T : Traded on trade to trade basis. • Z : companies which have failed to comply with its listing requirements.

  16. Control Mechanism • Circuit is the price limit or range, outside which the stock price can't go. • For example, let's say closing price of X stock yesterday was 100 Rs. The applicable circuit limit for X is 5%. In this circumstances, the price of X can't go above 105 (5% above previous close) and below 95 (5% below previous close).

  17. Why IPO’s? • Raise Capital to meet working capital, debt repayment, expansion, and a host of other uses. • Company valuations are done on the basis of which the share value is calculated. • It is offered to all categories of investors like Retail Investors, Private Placements, FII’s, Mutual funds, LIC,GIC

  18. IPO’s • Issue is either brought as a book building issue which is priced at a price band OR is brought at fixed price • Company’s have to file DRHP(Draft red herring prospectus) with Sebi as a guide line. • After DRHP the IPO is given ratings by ICRA & CRISIL depending on the valuations, business risk, future growth policies of the company, Investor risk appetite.

  19. IPO – Grey Market • Before listing of IPO there is a market value which exists amongst the brokers who do business in GREY MARKET were the premiums are predefined depending on the demand and supply availability • This orders are booked in advance and settled on the date of listing and the difference if any is settled in cash • Highest ever Grey market premium for any IPO was for Reliance Power which was 100%

  20. Kinds of Trading • Intra-day Trading • Delivery based Trading

  21. Intraday Trading • Buying and Selling on the same day. • Brokerage will be different for intra-day and delivery based trading, intra-day being lesser

  22. Delivery Trading • Buying and Selling are on different days • Brokerage will be higher than intra-day • Delivery charges

  23. Short Selling • Selling the shares which you don’t have • Ex: Lets consider a company Reliance • Its priced at Rs 2,500/-. You know it’s goingto fallthat day because of some reason. But you don’t have any shares with you of Reliance. • But still you can sell the shares, this is called as short selling.

  24. Short Covering • Assume you sold 10 RIL shares in morning at Rs 2,500/- and by evening as you had thought, it had Fallen down to Rs 2,400/- • Now you buy back those 10 shares what you had sold. • So the difference in amount per share 2,500 – 2,400 = 100 • 100 * 10 = 1000, Profit is yours. • This process of buying back is called Short covering.

  25. Consequences if not covered • You will become a defaulter. • Lets understand this with an Example. • Assume you short sold on Monday, as you haven’t short covered it, you need to deliver it on Wednesday(T + 2). But you don’t have the shares to deliver. So NSE or BSE will buy the shares on behalf of you in auction market, and deliver it to the buyer in (T + 3 days). • You will have to pay penalty

  26. How to Select Stocks • Fundamental Analysis • Technical Analysis

  27. What is Fundamental Analysis? • Analyzing a stock based on the fundaments of the country, the sector, and the company individually. • It includes going through balance sheet and profit-loss statement of the individual company and checking various ratios. • Analyzing a stock based on the fundaments of the country, the sector, and the company individually. • It includes going through balance sheet and profit-loss statement of the individual company and checking various ratios.

  28. Fundamental Basics • EPS • PE • MPS/B • Interest Coverage • Debt – Equity Ratio

  29. What is Technical analysis • Forecasting the future direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume

  30. Basics in Technical analysis Support Resistance Stop Loss

  31. Effects on Prices of Shares:- • Bonus • Split • Right Issues • Buyback

  32. Record Date What Does Record Date Mean?The date established by an issuer of a security for the purpose of determining the holders who are entitled to receive a dividend or distribution.

  33. Foreign Markets • Dowjones • Nasdaq • Nikkei • Shanghai

  34. Economic Times & CNBC Click

  35. CNBC

  36. Derivatives • NSE is the largest derivatives exchange in India • Derivatives contracts have a maximum of 3months expiration cycle • Contracts are available for trading with: 1 month 2month 3 months expiry • Turnover of derivatives market is 75,000cr.

  37. Derivatives

  38. Premium & Discount

  39. M2M adjustments • Assume, • You Bought 1 lot of Suzlon (i.e 3000 Shares @ 100/- = 300000/-) • Margin money Rs 60000/- (i.e @ 20% of 300000/-) • Now on the Other day if Price Goes down to 90/- • Then you will have to pay M2M loss of Rs 10/- per share i.e Rs 30000/- • And If the Price increases to 110/- then we will get M2M profit credited in our A/c. • i.e Now we will get the M2M profit Rs 60000/- Credited in our A/c

  40. Options • Call Option – An option to buy is called Call Option • Example: • Price of Reliance in Cash markets is 1000/- • Price in Futures is 1020/- • Trader will not block his money in cash markets • Rather he will buy a call option in futures market • Pay the premium of Rs30 per share

  41. Contd…… • If the price in cash markets • Price of Call Option also (vice versa)

  42. Hedging • Hedging means insuring against a negative event • It is done to reduce exposure to various risks • Hedgers try covering the risks • Hedgers try to reduce the risks associated with uncertainty

  43. Hedging Example • Infosys bags a deal worth $ 100000 from US Company • Rate of $ is Rs 48/- • Amount to be realised after 2 months • But Infosys estimates Dollar will fall to Rs 44/- • Hence to reduce the loss Infosys will Hedge its Position • by selling $ 100000 in Future Markets

  44. Hedging Example • After Two months Infosys gets the Payment • Dollar price is Rs 44/- • So Infosys will bear a loss of Rs 4 per $ in Cash Markets • and will gain a Profit of Rs 4 per $ in Future Markets • In this way Infosys have Reduced the Risk of $ Price Fluctuation

  45. Speculation • Opposite of hedging • Speculators are risk lovers • Speculators make bets or guesses • A hedger seeks to cover a foreign exchange risk • A speculator accepts and seeks out to accept it to make profit

  46. Example… • Speculator believes Price of foreign currency • Purchases the currency • Holds it • Resale later • Profit on each unit of foreign currency

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