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There are two main types of cells.

There are two main types of cells. PROKARYOTES : one-celled organisms with no membrane bound nucleus or other organelles (cell parts). EUKARYOTES : multi-celled organisms with membrane bound nucleus and other organelles (cell parts). Cell Parts (Organelles) and Functions. Nucleus.

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There are two main types of cells.

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  1. There are two main types of cells. • PROKARYOTES: one-celled organisms with no membrane bound nucleus or other organelles (cell parts). • EUKARYOTES: multi-celled organisms with membrane bound nucleus and other organelles (cell parts)

  2. Cell Parts (Organelles) and Functions

  3. Nucleus • Controls the Cell • Stores DNA (hereditary information) • Surrounded by nuclear envelope • Has nuclear pores for things to get in and out

  4. Cell Membrane • Allows substances to pass in and out of cell (selectively permeable: only some things are allowed in and out) • Made of phospholipid bilayer • Hydrophilic head: water loving • Hydrophobic tail: water fearing (does not interact with water) • Proteins in bilayer to allow materials in and out

  5. Cytoplasm • Gel-like aqueous solution • Holds organelles

  6. Mitochondria • “Power House” of cell, stores and releases cell’s energy • Inner membranes where chemical reactions to make energy take place • Has lots of folds for more surface area (called cristae) • Has their own DNA

  7. Ribosomes • Make proteins • Has no membrane • Made in nucleus

  8. Rough ER • Prepares proteins for export from cell • Has rough appearance because of ribosomes attached

  9. Smooth ER • Regulates calcium levels, breaks down toxins, synthesizes steroids • Passageway around the cell

  10. Golgi Bodies • Processes and packages materials made by cell • Flattened sacs to be used to move materials

  11. Lysosomes • “Garbage disposal of cell” • Break down food. Digest old cell parts • Fluid filled sac containing enzymes

  12. Cell Wall • Support for plant cell • Contains cellulose (carbohydrate) • Only in plants

  13. Vacuoles • Storage for plants • Fluid filled sacs • Can take up most of inside of plant cell • Rarely found in animals

  14. Chloroplasts • Absorb light to make food in plants • Contain pigment (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis • Large, flat surfaces

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