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Judaism . History. One of the oldest religions in the world. Founded by Abram around 1800 B.C.E. Yahweh (God) made a covenant with Abram and his wife, Sarai , that he would have many descendants who would live in Canaan, which they called the promise land.
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History • One of the oldest religions in the world. • Founded by Abram around 1800 B.C.E. • Yahweh (God) made a covenant with Abram and his wife, Sarai, that he would have many descendants who would live in Canaan, which they called the promise land. • Yahweh changed Abram and Sarai’s names to Abraham and Sarah as a sign of the convent. • Abraham and Sarah had a son name Isaac. • All of the people who have descended from Abraham through Isaac are known as Jews.
History Continued • During 1300 B.C.E. the Jewish people moved from the Promise Land to Egypt in search of food during a time of famine. They became slaves to the Egyptian king during this time. • The Jews were freed by Moses and returned to the Promise Land and built a temple to worship Yahweh in the city of Jerusalem. This temple was destroyed by the Romans in about 60 C.E. and has never been rebuilt. • Jewish people dispersed to many parts of the world. • Zionism: a movement which encourages all Jews to return to the promise land, present day Israel.
Beliefs • Believe in one God, Yahweh (with whom they have a covenant). • Statement of faith • Three branches of Judaism: 1. Orthodox: adhere most strictly to tradition and precisely follow the rules that were set down in the Hebrew Bible. 2. Reform: Are less strict and believe that following the spirit of the covenant with Yahweh is more important than following a particular set of rules. 3.Conservative: Has elements of both orthodox and reform, believing that traditional laws have value but should be tempered by new ideas and practices.
Concept of God • There is only one God. • All people are created in the image of God and should be treated with respect.
Sacred Writings • Hebrew Bible: The foundation of Jewish religion (known to Christians as the Old Testament). • Torah: The first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Contain the story of Abraham and his family and the agreements set down in the covenants with Yahweh. • Siddur: Prayer book used for Jewish worship.
Symbols • Star of David: Six pointed star, is said to stand for the Shield of David, and ancient king and important figure in the Hebrew Bible.
Place of Worship • Synagogue: Jewish place of worship, center for Jewish learning, and a place of social gathering for the Jewish community.
Place of Worship • Synagogue: Jewish place of worship, center for Jewish learning, and a place of social gathering for the Jewish community.
Extra Information • Sabbath: Weekly remembrance that God rested from creation on the seventh days. • Remembering the Sabbath is one of the ten commandments (a part of the covenant between God and the Jewish people). • Is seen as a day of rest, no work is to be done. • Brit milah: - The ritual is an ancient practice that has been carried out by Jewish parents for more than 3,000 years. - At this time the baby boy is given his Hebrew name.
Holidays/Festivals • Rosh Hashanah: The Jewish New Year festival and commemorates the creation of the world. • Yom Kippur: When Jews seek forgiveness for things which they have done wrong. • Passover: Celebrates the escape from Egypt. Begins with a meal called the seder where the youngest child asks questions and the Passover story is retold. • Hanukkah: Marks the phenomenal victory of a group of Jews called the Maccabees over the Syrian Greeks.
