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Use of Bipolar Electrochemistry to Control Nanofluidics Applications

Use of Bipolar Electrochemistry to Control Nanofluidics Applications. Bipolar Electrochemistry Concepts Bipolar Electrodeposition onto nanofibers, MWNT’s Preparation and Bipolar Electrodeposition onto CVD Nanopipes Contactless Nanosyringe. Bradley Group: Sundar Babu (postdoc)

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Use of Bipolar Electrochemistry to Control Nanofluidics Applications

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  1. Use of Bipolar Electrochemistry to Control Nanofluidics Applications • Bipolar Electrochemistry Concepts • Bipolar Electrodeposition onto nanofibers, MWNT’s • Preparation and Bipolar Electrodeposition onto CVD Nanopipes • Contactless Nanosyringe Bradley Group: Sundar Babu (postdoc) Patrick Ndungu (graduate student) Guzeliya Korneva (graduate student) Jillian Tromp (undergraduate) Eric Moore (undergraduate)

  2. - + x  - + r x = E r cos() Polarization of A Metal Particle in an Electric Field

  3. - + c - + r c = cos-1(Vc / 2E r) Toposelective Electrochemistry

  4. + M2+ - + M1+ M1 M2 M1 Toposelective Electrodeposition -

  5. Toposome prepared by bipolar electrodeposition of Pd and Au on graphite powder Bradley, J.-C.; Ma, Z. Contactless Electrodeposition of Palladium Catalysts, Angew. Chem. Int. Eng. Ed.1999, vol. 38, 1663.

  6. Bradley, J.-C.; Chen, H.-M.; Crawford, J.; Eckert, J; Ernazarova, K.; Kurzeja, T.; Lin, T.; McGee, M.; Nadler, W.; Stephens, S.G. Nature, 1997, vol. 389, 268. Spatially Coupled Bipolar Electrochemistry (SCBE)

  7. Vc Vc Emin = Emin = L 2r Exploitation of particle aspect ratio to carry out bipolar electrochemistry at sub-micron scale sphere 2r general L

  8. Size and Site Selective Bipolar Electrodeposition of Pd onto Carbon Nanofibers E = 3000 V/cm

  9. A E F B G C H D Bipolar Electrodeposition of Pd onto Carbon Nanofibers 0 s 80 s 10 s 120 s 20 s 240 s 40 s 480 s E = 3000 V/cm

  10. Figure 11: SEM micrograph Cobalt deposited on one tip of MWNT (commercially obtained) by contact less method. Field properties: Intensity 10 kV/cm, ton = 1ms, toff = 24 ms, field time = 25 min Bipolar Electrodeposition of Cobalt on Nanotubes Supported on Polyester Membranes 1, Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0304002, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0304002 Bipolar Electrodeposition of Co onto a MWNT

  11. Figure 12: SEM micrograph of Nickel deposited on one tip of MWNT (commercially obtained) by contact less method. Field properties: Intensity 10 kV/cm, ton = 1ms, toff = 24 ms, field time = 25 min Bipolar electrodeposition of nickel on nanotubes supported on polyester membranes 1, Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0304001, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0304001 Bipolar Electrodeposition of Ni onto a MWNT

  12. Figure 10: SEM micrograph Cadmium deposited on one tip of MWNT (commercially obtained) by contact less method. Field properties: Intensity 10 kV/cm, ton = 1ms, toff = 24 ms, field time = 60sec Bipolar Electrodeposition of Cadmium onto one tip of a Carbon Nanotube, Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu, J Tromp, N Hackett. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0311001, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0311001 Bipolar Electrodeposition of Cd onto a MWNT

  13. Quartz tubes to hold the alumina membrane Programmable high temperature furnace Effluent 670oC Alumina membranes stacked between two short quartz tubes Argon 30% C2H4 + 70% He CVD Carbon Nanopipe Synthesis

  14. SEM micrographs of CVD nanopipe obtained by CVD of 30%C2H4 + 70% He at 670oC inside the pores of alumina membrane. The Alumina template was removed by sonicating the membrane in 1M NaOH for 90 min. Nanotube Synthesis Using Alumina Template (a4), Jean-Claude Bradley, S Babu, P Ndungu, A Nikitin, Y Gogotsi. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0303002, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0303002 CVD Carbon Nanopipes

  15. Figure 8: SEM micrograph Tin deposited on one tip of nanopipe by contact less method. Field properties: Intensity 10 kV/cm, ton = 1ms, toff = 24 ms, field time = 10sec Bipolar Electrodeposition of Tin onto one tip of a Carbon Nanotube 1, Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu, J Tromp, N Hackett. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0309001, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0309001 Bipolar Electrodeposition of Sn onto a CVD nanopipe

  16. Figure 9: SEM micrograph of Zinc deposited on one tip of nanopipe by contact less method. Field properties: Intensity 6 kV/cm, ton = 1ms, toff = 24 ms, field time = 40sec Bipolar Electrodeposition of Zinc onto one tip of a Carbon Nanotube 1 Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu, G Korneva, J Tromp, E Moore. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0312002, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0312002 Bipolar Electrodeposition of Zn onto a CVD nanopipe

  17. Figure 13: SEM micrograph of Cadmium sulfide deposited on one tip of nanopipe. Field properties: Intensity 9 kV/cm, ton = 1ms, toff = 24 ms, field time = 20 sec Bipolar Electrodeposition of Cadmium Sulfide onto one tip of a Carbon Nanotube 1, Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu, J Tromp, N Hackett, E Moore. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0312001, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0312001 Bipolar Electrodeposition of CdS onto CVD nanopipes

  18. (a) (b) (c) (d) Bipolar Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole onto a CVD Nanopipe Bipolar electrodeposition of polypyrrole onto carbon nanotubes 1, Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu, J Tromp, N Hackett. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0308001, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0308001

  19. (a) (b) (c) Bipolar Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole onto a CVD Nanopipe Bipolar Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole onto both ends of a Carbon Nanotube 1, Jean-Claude Bradley, P Ndungu, S Babu, J Tromp, N Hackett. ChemWeb Preprint Server, CPS:chemistry/0308002, 2003, http://preprint.chemweb.com/chemistry/0308002

  20. (a) (b) Platinum Electrodes (5mm inter-electrode gap) Carbon Nanopipes - + Nuclepore Membrane (pore size 200 nm) (c) (d) Polypyrrole deposited after field application + - - + Polypyrrole deposited after reversing the polarity Contactless Nanosyringe: Step 1 – Introduction of Polypyrrole

  21. Contactless Nanosyringe: Step 2 – Condensation of Water

  22. 4.9 Torr 5.3 Torr 4.9 Torr 5.2 Torr Polypyrrole Mediated Injection of Water into a Nanopipe Condensation of Water into a Nanopipe without Polypyrrole

  23. Conclusions • Bipolar Electrochemistry can be exploited as a control element for nanofluidics applications: • Nanopipe blocking • Contactless Nanosyringe

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