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In a Bind

In a Bind. Artificial Cranial Deformation in the Americas. Aaron Fehir. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS ADC?. Cultural Modification of the Skull Time Intensive and Irreversible Conveys Social Information Useful Archaeologically. EPIDEMIOLOGY: WHO, WHERE, AND WHEN. Almost Ubiquitous

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In a Bind

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  1. In a Bind Artificial Cranial Deformation in the Americas Aaron Fehir

  2. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS ADC? • Cultural Modification of the Skull • Time Intensive and Irreversible • Conveys Social Information • Useful Archaeologically

  3. EPIDEMIOLOGY: WHO, WHERE, AND WHEN • Almost Ubiquitous • Temporally and Spatially • Varies Regionally • Affects: • Males and Females • Subadults and Adults • Entire Spectrum of Socioeconomic Status

  4. Prevalent Categories and Formative Techniques • Most Prevalent Types of ACD • Tabular Erect • Tabular Oblique • Annular

  5. Prevalent Categories and Formative Techniques • Tabular Erect • Flattening of the Occipital • Ubiquitous • Olmec and PreClassical Mayans Severe Mild

  6. Prevalent Categories and Formative Techniques • Tabular Oblique • Subcategory of Tabular Erect • Multiple Headboards

  7. Prevalent Categories and Formative Techniques • Annular • Circumferential Binding • Rope, Bandaging, Compression Bands • Pads, Textiles, Hats • Tiwanku Culture

  8. UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES • Alters Facial Morphology • Differs for Males and Females • Additionally: LambdoidOssicles • Neurological Impact?

  9. PROPOSED REASONS • Kinship • Performed by Family • Connected to Ethnicity and Status • Ethnicity • Headdresses of Andean Culture • Sex • Inconclusive • Atacama Exogamy • Status • Better Grave Goods • Linked to Kinship

  10. DIAGNOSIS: INDICATORS AND PROBLEMS • Tiesler’s Metric and Nonmetric Methods • Flattening • Frontal Plane, Frontal Curve, Occlusal Curve and Occlusal Plane • Supernumerary Bones • LambdoidOssicles • OccipitomastoidIntrasuturialBone

  11. Occipitomastoid • Intrasuturial Bone • Lambdoid • Ossicles DIAGNOSIS: INDICATORS AND PROBLEMS • Tiesler’s Metric and Nonmetric Methods • Flattening • Frontal Plane, Frontal Curve, Occlusal Curve and Occlusal Plane • Supernumerary Bones • LambdoidOssicles • OccipitomastoidIntrasuturialBone

  12. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES Craniosynostosis Fetal Position Breech Head Crainiotabes; Rickets Premature Birth

  13. CONCLUSION

  14. REFERENCES Blom, D. E. “Embodying Borders: Human Body Modification and Diversity in Tiwanaku Society.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24 (2005): 1-24. Buikstra, J. E., and D. H. Ubelaker, editors. “Cultural Modifications of the Living: Trepanation and Artificial Cranial Modification.” Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Ed. Buikstra J. E. and D. H. Ubelaker. Fayetteville: Arkansas Archaeological Survey, 1994. 160-163. Goodrich, J. T., and F. C. Ponce de Leon. “Medical and Surgical Practice as Represented in Cultural Figures from the Pre-Conquest Mesoamerican Territories.” World Neurosurgery 74.1 (2010):81-96. Hoshower, L. M., et al. “Artificial Cranial Deformation at the Omo M10 Site: A Tiwanaku Complex from the Moquegua Valley, Peru.” Latin American Antiquity 6.2 (1995): 145-164. Jiminez, P., et al. 2012. “Maxillary Changes and Occlusal Traits in Crania with Artificial Fronto-Occipital Deformation.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 147 (2012): 40-51.

  15. REFERENCES Obladen, M. “In God’s Images? The Tradition of Infant Head Shaping.” Journal of Child Neurology 27.5 (2012): 672-680. Rhode, M. P., and B. T. Arriaza. “Influence of Cranial Deformation on Facial Morphology Among Prehistoric South Central Andean Populations.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130 (2006): 462-470. Sutter , R. C. 2001. “A Bioarchaeological Assessment of Prehistoric Ethnicity Among Early Late Intermediate Period Populations of the Azapa Valley, Chile.” In Reycraft, R. M. Us and Them: Archaeology and Ethnicity in the Andes. 2005. 183-206. White, C. D., et al. “Immigration, Assimilation, and Status in the Ancient City of Teotihuacan: Stable Isotopic Evidence from Tlajinga 33.” Latin American Antiquity 15.2 (2004): 176-198.

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