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By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress

Energy!!!!!!. By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress. Oil. Nonrenewable resource Fossil fuel Made of dead plants and animals Takes millions of years to form Has many uses Must be refined before used. Oil Refinery. How Oil is Formed. Formed from remains of animals, plants

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By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress

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  1. Energy!!!!!! By Rebekah Koehn and Katy Andress

  2. Oil • Nonrenewable resource • Fossil fuel • Made of dead plants and animals • Takes millions of years to form • Has many uses • Must be refined before used Oil Refinery

  3. How Oil is Formed • Formed from remains of animals, plants • Remains covered by layers of mud • Heat, pressure turn remains into crude oil • Petroleum means oil from the earth Oil is being formed!!!!

  4. History of OIL!!! • Known and used since ancient times • Wasn’t used as a fuel • First oil well drilled in 1859 • Became fuel when cars were made • Used in furnaces • Burned to produce • electricity Early oil workers

  5. Where Oil is Found • Flows from natural springs • Found in PLAY • Produced offshore in gulf of Mexico • Mostly found in Texas, California, Alaska • Also found in Louisiana, Oklahoma PLAY: a group of geographical features that are likely to contain oil or gas. Natural spring

  6. Advantages and disadvantages of oil • Advantages • One of most abundant energy resources • Liquid form easy to transport, use • Has high heating value • Relatively inexpensive • No technology needed to use • Disadvantages • Burning oil causes carbon emissions • Recovery process takes to long • Oil drilling endangers environment and ecosystem • Transportation can lead to spills Oil production

  7. Environmental Impacts of Oil • Exploring oil damages land, ocean habitats • Oils spills harm wildlife • Leaks let petroleum get into ground • Burning oil gives off Carbon Dioxide • Causes global warming • Pollutes the air Polluted air

  8. Uses of Oil • Used for fuel; in gasoline • Oil is in fibers, rubbers, plastics • In dyes, paints, and medicines • Used in heating oil, fertilizers, detergents • Alsoincluded in candles

  9. Interesting Facts • Oil destroys rainforest • 6 million tons per year enter ocean • Spills account for 5% that enters ocean • Production likely to increase for 3 decades • 6.5 barrels used in U.S. per year Barrels of oil

  10. Oil Refineries • Turn oilinto other products • Use techniques such as chemical processing • Refineries are critical to economy • Refinery jobs are dangerous Oil refinery

  11. Hydrocarbons • Moleculesthat contain hydrogen and carbon • Contain a lot of energy • Can take on many different forms • Come in various lengths and structures

  12. Water Energy • Moving water is very powerful • Hydroelectric power plants use water energy • Renewable resource • Dams produce electricity • Water wheels produced mechanical energy historically Water is a renewable resource

  13. Hydroelectric Power • This is made by moving water • Most widely used source of energy • This energy is inexpensive • Dose not create air pollution • Dams have bad affects on environment • Most suitable rivers have been dammed Dams can have a negative effect on the environment.

  14. Water History • More like the antique version • Big wooden wheel that turns slowly • Creek pours down over it • Spin slowly with lots of power • Sometimes turn saw in sawmills • Mechanical energy Water wheel

  15. Water Turbines • Impulse or reaction turbines • In reaction turbines runners are underwater • In reaction turbines runners are enclosed  • Impulse turbines are half in water • Pressure differences across blades create forces • Lift forces cause runner to rotate. Water turbines

  16. Process of a Hydropower Plant • Water stored behind dam under pressure • Has potential energy • Flood gates open, water is released • Water in tunnels goes to bottom • Kinetic energy produced by moving water • Magnet produces electricity This is a dam.

  17. Sources of Water Energy • Water energy is found in moving water • Found most often in a flowing river • Found in dams • Found in underwater currents • Ocean tides Water energy is found in a flowing river.

  18. Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Energy Advantages • This energy is less expensive • Water energy is renewable • Water energy expands irrigation • Provides hydroelectric energy • Provides drinking water • Produces 19% of electricity Disadvantages • Might flood land areas • Expensive to builddams • People might have to relocate • Older dams have to be demolished • Population affects water power • Have to have a suitable river A picture of Hoover Dam and Hoover Reservoir

  19. Water Energy and the Environment • Some land isn’t useable above dams • Fish trapped by dams when swimming • Affects and sometimes destroys natural habitats • Does not pollute air Unusableland above dam

  20. Water Wave Energy • Fixed and floating Wave energy • Motion of waves used to drive turbine • Generates electricity • Tide energy systems trap high tides • Tide drops, water behind reservoir flows • Through a power turbine, generating electricity Hurricane Ike’s damage

  21. Interesting Facts about Water Energy • Hurricane, tsunami cause damage because storm surge • Testing turbines in Florida gulf stream • Fishermen complain that it takes up space • Turbines off Florida might kill fish Off Florida coast

  22. Water Cycle • Helps renew the water energy • Is a process involving water • Steps are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, accumulation A picture that shows the water cycle

  23. Geothermal Energy • Greek words geo (earth), therme (heat) • Energy that comes from the earth • Used to generate electricity • Renewable resource • Replenished by rainfall • Continuously produced in the earth

  24. History of Geothermal Energy 1904: First geothermal power plant built 1982: Electric generating reached high of 1,000 megawatts 1994: California Energy world’s largest geothermal company 1999: California’s power plants 54.9% of state’s electricity Geothermal energy power plant

  25. How Geothermal Energy is Formed • Generated in the core • Generated 4,000 miles below the Earth’s surface • Energy sometimes released through volcanoes • Gets to surface through geysers and fumaroles • Also through hot springs

  26. Where is Geothermal Energy Found • Found deep underground in reservoirs • Most activity in Ring of Fire • Ring of Fire rims Pacific Ocean • Areas where Earthquakes and Volcanoes occur • California generates most electricity • Most reservoirs in Alaska and Hawaii California generates most electricity

  27. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages • No pollution • Does not contribute to greenhouse effect • Not much environmental impact • No fuel needed • Energy is free Disadvantages • Not many places for power stations • Rocks need to be easily drilled • Sight may run out of steam • Dangerous minerals can be dug up • Difficult to dispose dangerous minerals No fuel needed

  28. Environmental Impacts • Releases gases in to atmosphere • Water waste disposal cause water pollution • Sitting power plants cause land damage Sitting power plants cause land damage

  29. Uses of Geothermal Energy • Heating buildings through district heating systems • Hot water for bathing and showering • Cooking • Generating electricity Heating buildings through district heating systems

  30. Interesting Facts on Geothermal Energy • Power generated over 20 countries worldwide • Every 328ft below ground, temperature increases 5.4 degrees • Facilities produce 4.5 and 7.3 cents per kilowatt-hour • Renewable resource Every 328ft below ground temp. increases 5.4 degrees

  31. Geothermal Power Plants • Uses hydrothermal resources • Require temperatures between 300 and 700 degrees Fahrenheit • Hydrothermal resources used by drilling Earth • One plant type, dry steam plant • Another is a flash steam plant • Last is a Binary plant Require temperatures between 300and 700 degrees Fahrenheit

  32. Geothermal Heat Pumps • Most energy efficient • Environmentally clean • Becoming more popular • Use Earth’s temperatures to heat, cool buildings This energy is becoming more popular.

  33. Global Warming Glaciers and mountains are slowly disappearing. • The increase in Earth’s average temperature • Average temperature increased 1.4 degrees over 28 years • The arctic is most effected • By 2040 arctic may have 1st ice-free summer • Coral reefs sensitive to change • Glaciers and mountains slowly disappearing

  34. Resource page Websites and books http://www.spsu.edu/tmgt/vasa-sideris/MGNT4125/ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm http://www.freesciencefairproject.com/physics/images/countryleft.JPG Science book http://oh.water.usgs.gov/wse/dams.gif http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/water.html http://www.greenhabitatdesign.com/Alternative%20Energy%20Geothermal.gif http://www.gdrc.org/uem/energy/water-energy.html http://www.youbetican.com/uploads/image/Pollution1.jpg http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/oil/gfx/oil_barrels.jpg http://www.natural-environment.com/blog/2008/03/06/uses-of-crude-oil/ http://courseweb.unt.edu/rhondac/spring2006/webpages/Watercyclegraphic1.gif http://metacoustics.com.au/images/Scan19.jpg http://www.enex.is/lisalib/getfile.aspx?itemid=2728 http://granitegrok.com/pix/oil%20refinery.jpg http://tulanepadova.pbwiki.com/f/hoover-dam-aerial-91_4.jpg http://www.roanokeslant.org/Oil%20Rig.jpg http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/Hydrocarbons.jpg http://www.movingtofreedom.org/images/2007/09/020716-cascade-river-state-park-minnesota--by-scott-carpenter--cc-by-sa-30.jpg http://www.rise.org.au/info/Tech/hydro/image002.jpg http://hurricanecandice.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/water_turbine_3_2.jpg http://www.energybible.com/water_energy/water_turbines.html

  35. Resource Page Continued http://www.volunteer.noaa.gov/images/california.gif http://www.treehugger.com/water-cycle-explanation-green-basics.jpg http://www.sonoransteel.com/wedco_red.jpg http://www.treehugger.com/geothermal-power-plant-i01.jpg http://www.cranearts.com/images/the_crane_building_pic.jpg http://www.uvm.edu/~inquiryb/webquest/fa05/lkenney/earth.jpg http://twilit.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/thermometer.jpg http://geothermal.id.doe.gov/i/oldfaithful.jpg http://www.luisprada.com/Protected/IMAGES/global_warming1.jpg http://www.symscape.com/files/images/Water_turbine.img_assist_custom.jpg http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/geothermal.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/geothermal.html http://www.columbia.edu/~ari2102/Oil%20Formation/Oil%20Formation2.html http://home.clara.net/darvill/altenerg/geothermal.htm#adv http://www.spsu.edu/tmgt/vasa- sideris/MGNT4125/ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_OF_ENERGY_SOURCES.htm

  36. Resource Page Continued http://www.powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm?resource_id=3 http://www.offshore-environment.com/facts.html http://ran.org/fileadmin/materials/education/factsheets/RAN_OilFacts.pdf http://www.our-energy.com/oil.html http://www.natural-environment.com/blog/2008/03/06/uses-of-crude-oil/ http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining3.htm http://www.maacenter.org/asbestos/workplace/oilrefineryworkers.php http://richardscanoerental.com/photos/GreerSprings01-400bvl.jpg http://www.evworld.com/images/oil_refinery.jpg http://whyfiles.org/100oil/images/capdiag.gif http://alpha.dickinson.edu/departments/envst/lucewebpages/Luce%20Senior%20Seminar%20Webpage-berns/oil%20history%20picture.jpg http://www.treehugger.com/oil.pump.500.jpg http://bbsnews.net/bbsn_images_2005_summer/oil_platform.jpg http://www.volcanoinfo.co.uk/images/img4.jpg http://blog.wired.com/cars/images/2007/07/17/oil_rig_17.jpg http://www.water-energy.net/images/water-energy.jpghttp://www.rps.psu.edu/probing/graphics/earth2.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/c/c4/20071026221400!Geothermal_energy_methods.png

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