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PREPARED BY D.L. BULL

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR. PREPARED BY D.L. BULL. WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES AND CARIBBEAN. Who what when where?. Who what when where?. April 25, 1898 United States declared war on Spain War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898 Why was the United states at war with Spain?

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PREPARED BY D.L. BULL

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  1. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR PREPARED BY D.L. BULL WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES AND CARIBBEAN

  2. Who what when where?

  3. Who what when where? • April 25, 1898 United States declared war on Spain • War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898 • Why was the United states at war with Spain? • We must look to 1492……...

  4. Spain was the first European nation to sail west across the Atlantic. An empire resulted from this exploration in the New World. By 1825 much of the empire had been lost . The Spanish empire in the Western Hemisphere left was: Cuba Puerto Rico Philippine Islands islands in Micronesia including Guam Columbus connection

  5. DETAILED BACKGROUND • UNITED STATES EXPANSIONISM-A COUNTRY’S PROSPERITY DEPENDS ON EXPANDING ITS BORDERS • SINCE PRESIDENT JEFFERSON 1808 THE UNITED STATES THOUGHT IT SHOULD OWN CUBA • U.S. ALSO WANTED SOME OF SPAIN’S EMPIRE FOR: TRADE OVERSEAS AND NATURAL RESOURCES

  6. CUBA'S PROBLEMS • CUBA WAS UNHAPPY WITH SPANISH RULE AND WANTED INDEPENDENCE • FEB. ,1895 REBELLION LED BY JOSE MARTI • GEN. VALERIANO WEYLER - SPANISH GOVERNOR

  7. WHAT WEYLER DID IN CUBA? • HE HAD BEEN FRUSTRATED BY THE GUERILLA FIGHTING OF THE CUBAN REBELS-HIT AND RUN TACTICS • HE DECIDED TO PLACE ALL REBELS CAPTURED IN “RECONCENTRATION CAMPS”-300,000 PLACED • THERE WERE NOT ENOUGH SUPPLIES AND THOUSANDS DIED OF DISEASE, STARVATION, AND OVERCROWDING

  8. YELLOW JOURNALISM • LATE 1800’S MOST NEWSPAPERS WERE NOT AS ACCURATE AS THEY ARE TODAY • TWO SENSATIONALISTIC PAPERS WERE COMPETING TO SEE WHO COULD SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS • NEW YORK JOURNAL-WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST • NEW YORK WORLD-JOSEPH PULTIZER

  9. THEY WANTED TO SELL NEWSPAPERS INCREASE CIRCULATION DECIDED TO DRUM UP SUPPORT FOR THE CUBAN REBELS CUBAN PATRIOTS OPERATING FROM AMERICA HEARST SAID THE NEWSPAPERS CONTROL THE NATION BECAUSE THEY REPRESENT THE PEOPLE BOTH STARTED TAINTING THE REPORTS COMING OUT OF CUBA TRYING TO SHOCK HEARST V PULITZER

  10. WHAT REALLY HAPPENED? • 1897-PRESIDENT MCKINLEY BEGAN TO PRESSURE SPAIN TO LOOSEN CONTROL ON THE CUBANS • CUBA DEMANDED FULL INDEPENDENCE • JANUARY 1898, MCKINLEY ORDERED THE BATTLESHIP MAINE TO ANCHOR IN HAVANA HARBOR TO KEEP CONTROL OF THE SITUATION

  11. EXPLOSION • JAN. ,1898 UNITED STATES BATTLESHIP MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR AS A SYMBOL OF OUR STRENGTH AND SUPPORT OF CUBA • FEB. 15, 1898 THE MAINE EXPLODES AND SINKS KILLING 262 AMERICAN CREW MEMBERS • “REMEMBER THE MAINE JOURNAL TO H-LL WITH SPAIN” SLOGAN

  12. SPAIN?- MOST AMERICANS THOUGHT SO CUBAN REBELS?-MAYBE TO MAKE THE U.S. JOIN THE FIGHT AMERICANS?- MAYBE BUT IT WAS TREASON ANOTHER COUNTRY?- TO TRY TO BRING U.S. INTO WAR ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION?- GOOD CHANCE FROM A FLOATING MINE OR GUNPOWDER INSIDE THE SHIP WHO OR WHAT BLEW UP THE MAINE?

  13. UNITED STATES RESPONSE • MARCH, 1898 CONGRESS PASSED A LAW ALLOCATING FIFTY MILLION DOLLARS TO BUILD UP THE MILITARY • THE VOLUNTEER ARMY CAME TOGETHER IN FLORIDA INCLUDING FOUR UNITS OF AFRICAN- AMERICAN SOLDIERS • THE NAVY WAS READY BUT ARMY WAS NOT….

  14. THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEERS RUSHED TO JOIN-ALL KINDS OF PEOPLE FROM SOCIALITES TO OUTLAWS LACKED GUNS, TENTS, AND BLANKETS NEEDED TRAINING GIVEN HEAVY WOOLEN UNIFORMS TO FIGHT IN THE WARM TROPICS THE FOOD WAS LEFTOVER CANNED RATIONS FROM THE CIVIL WAR-ROTTEN DISGUSTING NO PROPER SANITARY AREAS THE ARMY WOEFULLY UNPREPARED

  15. AMAZING NUMBERS • TOTAL IN THE WAR 5,462 AMERICANS LOST THEIR LIVES • ONLY 379 DIED IN COMBAT • THE REST FROM UNSANITARY CONDITIONS WHICH CAUSED PLAGUE AND YELLOW FEVER

  16. THEODORE ROOSEVELT • WILL BECOME PRESIDENT BECAUSE HE BECOMES HERO • ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY • SENT FLEET SOUTH • QUIT AND FORMED CAVALRY UNIT

  17. WHOLE THING LASTED 110 -113 DAYS MAY- THE FLEET ROOSEVELT SENT SOUTH ATTACKED THE PHILLIPINE ISLANDS- SPANISH BATTLE OF MANILA BAY-COMMODORE DEWEY-SURPRISE DESTROYED TEN SPANISH SHIPS WITHOUT LOSING ONE U.S. SAILOR CRUSHED THE SPANISH NAVY IN THE PACIFIC EMILIO AGUINALDO-REBEL DROPPED OFF TO FIGHT SPANISH THE WAR

  18. HAWAII AND GUAM • THE SENATE VOTED TO ANNEX - OR TAKE OVER -HAWAII • REASON- U.S. NEEDED THE ISLANDS AS A HALFWAY STOP TO THE PHILIPPINES • GUAM- THE SPANISH GOVERNOR SURRENDED BEFORE HE KNEW SPAIN WAS AT WAR

  19. THE WAR IN CUBA • AMERICAN TROOPS LANDED ON CUBA’S COAST JUNE 22, 1898 • VOLUNTEERS NICKNAMED “ROUGH RIDERS” • GOOD NAME EXCEPT THE HORSES DIDN’T SHOW-WALKERS

  20. WAR IN CUBA • ROOSEVELT- SECOND IN COMMAND OF THE ROUGH RIDERS • AFRICAN AMERICAN 9 TH AND 10 TH CAVALRIES CALLED THE “SMOKED YANKEES” BY THE SPANISH

  21. The Rough Riders

  22. SAN JUAN HEIGHTS JULY 1, 1898 ROUGH RIDERS LED BY T.R. CHARGE UP KETTLE HILL SPANISH ARMY RACED DOWN THE OTHER SIDE IN RETREAT GEN. JACOB KENT LED THE CHARGE UP SAN JUAN HILL AND PUSHED THE SPANISH FARTHER INLAND SPANISH NAVY TRIED TO ESCAPE- JULY 3- ALL SHIPS SUNK OR RUN AGROUND BATTLES IN CUBA

  23. PEACE SETTLEMENT • CUBA SURRENDERED JULY 17, 1898 • PUERTO RICO -AUGUST 12,1898 • PHILIPPINES- COMMODORE DEWEY STILL FIGHTING AGAINST THE SPANISH WITH THE HELP OF THE FILIPINO REBELS • AUGUST 13, 1898 U.S. TAKES OVER CAPITAL-MANILA- DEAL WITH SPAIN

  24. PEACE SETTLEMENT • PEACE TREATY SIGNED DECEMBER 10, 1898-TREATY OF PARIS • SPAIN GAVE UP CUBA • U.S. TOOK CONTROL OF PUERTO RICO, GUAM AND THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS • PAID $20 MILLION FOR PHILIPPINES • SPAIN ENDED ITS 400 YEAR OLD EMPIRE-SINCE COLUMBUS

  25. “A SPLENDID LITTLE WAR” • UNITED STATED BECAME A NEW WORLD POWER • PROUD VICTORY • T.R. BECAME A WAR HERO -PRESIDENT • WAR COST $250 MILLION • 5,462 DIED- 90% OR MORE DISEASE

  26. U.S. SENATE UNSURE WHAT TO DO WITH IT SHOULD THE PHILIPPINE PEOPLE HAVE THEIR INDEPENDENCE REBELS AGAIN LED BY AGUINALDO STARTED FIGHTING AGAINST U.S. U.S. SET UP A CIVIL GOVERNMENT HEADED BY A GOVERNOR-WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT THREE YEAR STRUGGLE-BRUTAL USING TORTURE AND MASSACRE UNTIL 1902 PHILIPPINE PROBLEM

  27. FINAL SOLUTION • 1902 PHILIPPINES-UNICORPORATED NOT CITIZENS-TO BE INDEPENDENT LATER-JULY 4, 1946…44 YEARS • 1917-PUERTO RICO GIVEN CITIZENSHIP AND BECAME A COMMONWEALTH OF THE U.S.- MUST OBEY OUR LAWS BUT IS NOT A STATE

  28. FINAL SOLUTION II • CUBA-CONGRESS HAD PASSED THE TELLER AMENDMENT DECLARING THAT THE U.S. WOULD NOT ANNEX OR TAKE OVER CUBA • SET UP A MILITARY GOVERNMENT TO HELP RECOVER FROM THE WAR • GAVE FOOD, BUILT ROADS AND SCHOOLS, IMPROVED SANITATION, HELPED CURE YELLOW FEVER

  29. The Platt Amendment • 1901 CUBANS ADOPTED A CONSTITUTION AND DECLARED THEY WERE READY FOR SELF RULE • TO PROTECT CUBA FROM BEING TAKEN OVER BY ANOTHER COUNTRY CONGRESS ADDED THE PLATT AMENDEMENT MAKING CUBA A PROTECTORATE- U.S. HAD TO INTERVENE FOUR TIMES UNTIL 1934 • Guantonamo Bay – U. S. Naval Base still in use today.

  30. ASSIGNMENT • LOOK BACK THROUGH PP.679-685 • REREAD PP.672-673 ABOUT T.R. • CHECK OUT THE MAP P.683 UNITED STATES OVERSEAS POSSESSIONS 1858-1900

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