A2 Historical enquiry: India and the British Empire, 1757-1947

1. A2 Historical enquiry: India and the British Empire, 1757-1947

2. your coursework • Two essays: 3,500 word synoptic essay on one of the titles on moodle + 500 word essay evaluating the utility of your main sources • 40% of A2 • Titles on moodle https://learning.watfordboys.herts.sch.uk/course/view.php?id=415 • All essays have a focus but must also cover 100 years synoptically

3. your coursework Important to cover both the history of the independence movement and the importance of external events – effects of war, Britain’s economic decline (use the 22 bullet points on your AQA SoW) Must lead with different historians’ opinions (perspectives) and evaluate them against contextual knowledge to decide which explanation is more convincing Must use quotations to forward these arguments (keep a very careful record of all quotations to make footnoting easier)

4. model essay You have a copy of the introductory paragraphs and conclusion of an essay Highlight/annotate evidence of the following: Clear focus? Synoptic (100 year period)? Historian led? Evaluated against contextual knowledge? Covers Indian independence movement and external events? Quotations used to forward arguments? A decision of which explanation is more convincing?

5. Overview of the expansion and contraction of the British empire

6. Empire in 1713

7. Empire in 1850

8. Empire in 1914

9. Empire in 1921

10. Berlin Conference 1884 The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Called for by Portugal and organized by Otto von Bismarck, the first Chancellor of Germany, its outcome, the General Act of the Berlin Conference, is often seen as the formalization of the Scramble for Africa. The conference ushered in a period of heightened colonial activity on the part of the European powers, while simultaneously eliminating most existing forms of African autonomy and self-governance

11. jingoism Extreme nationalism characterized especially by a belligerent foreign policy; chauvinistic patriotism

12. Dominion status Dominion status was the term chosen to describe the position of the self‐governing member states of the inter-war Empire. They were to be regarded, proclaimed the 1926 imperial conference, as ‘autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another’. That was necessary to their self‐respect

13. Statute of Westminster, 1931 The Statute of Westminster 1931 established the legislative equal status of the self-governing dominions of the British Empire and United Kingdom. The Statute applied to the dominions of Canada, New Zealand, Newfoundland, the Irish Free State, the Commonwealth of Australia the Union of South Africa. After the Statute was passed, the British government could no longer make law for the dominions, otherwise than at the request and with the consent of that dominion

14. Government of India Acts 1919 and 1935 Acts which gave Indians more participation in their own government, especially local government, whilst leaving imperial finance, foreign policy etc in the hands of the viceroy

15. The Commonwealth of Nations During the 20th century most of the territories of the British Empire became independent, ending with the return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China in 1997. Fourteen territories remain under British sovereignty, the British overseas territories. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. Sixteen Commonwealth nations share their head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, as Commonwealth realms.

16. Jonathan Colman article Class reading of introduction and conclusion to reinforce factors Provenance – specialist historian writing for an A Level audience – simplified, nothing controversial, but an overview of the key factors

17. Expansion and contraction task

18. Expansion and contraction task Make your own copy of the table on the previous slide You need to read the Colman article and complete your chart using evidence and quotations * = does the evidence suggest that ‘the Empire’ was growing stronger or weaker at this time?

19. Expansion and contraction task Review chart after each section What are your overall conclusions about the pattern of strength and decline of the British Empire?

20. Homework Research the Boer War – who, what, where, when, why, outcome? Bullet points will be fine Due: next lesson