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Semester 1

Semester 1. Chapter 6 Layer 2 - Concepts. The OSI Layers. MAC (Media Access Control) – transitions down to the media (cable); it deals with the protocols that a host follows in order to access the physical media. It also deals with media access.

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Semester 1

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  1. Semester 1 Chapter 6 Layer 2 - Concepts

  2. The OSI Layers

  3. MAC (Media Access Control) – transitions down to the media (cable); it deals with the protocols that a host follows in order to access the physical media. It also deals with media access. LLC (Logical Link Control) – transitions up to the network layer (layer 3); this allows it to communicate with upper-level layers. Layer 2 Media Control

  4. A 48-bit address burned onto the NIC. It is a unique way of identifying each computer on a network. The first six comprise the Organizational Unique Identifier (OUI) which identifies the manufacturer (assigned by the IEEE). The last six represent a unique ID number for the NIC. The MAC Address

  5. Everything Has a Format

  6. Non-deterministic – uses the FCFS approach. The media is shared by all hosts on the network. Deterministic – uses a form of “taking your turn.” Example is Token Ring. The computer that wants to transmit must get a token in order to gain access to the media. Only one computer (host) at a time can transmit.. Basic MAC Addresses

  7. The Six Parts of a Generic Frame • 1. Frame start field – indicates the beginning of a frame • 2. Address field – has source and destination address information in it • 3. Length/type/control field – indicates the end (the frame is considered ended after the FCS field); also sometimes called an end-frame delimiter.

  8. The Six Parts of a Generic Frame • 4. Data field – the information you’re sending • 5. Frame check sequence (FCS) field – contains a number that is calculated by the source computer and is based on the data in the frame. The destination computer recalculates the FCS number and compares it with the source FCS number. It is an error-checking device. • 6. Stop frame field – indicates the end of a frame

  9. Another Frame

  10. CSMA/CD • Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. It is the way Ethernet determines if anyone is currently using the media. The computer listens to see if anyone is transmitting. If no one is, then the computer assumes that the media is available and it transmits its data.

  11. FCFS • First Come First Served. Ethernet is a FCFS system because the media is shared by all the hosts on the network. The first host to gain access to the network is the one served. All others must wait until the transmitting host is finished.

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